党内基层民主建设中网络政治参与现状的实证研究

在信息化、民主化和网络化的时代背景下,运用网络政治参与的方式推动党内基层民主建设是一种有益的探索。通过对23个城市街道社区党组织网络平台建设情况的调查表明,借助网络政治参与推动党内基层民主建设的工作已经逐步展开,但在发展中也面临着:如何保证网络政治参与各栏目的科学分类并长期有效运行,如何实现网络政治选举以及如何培育网络政治参与的软环境三大难题。     

The Development and Application of Random Match Probabilities to Firearm and Toolmark Identification

The field of firearms and toolmark analysis has encountered deep scrutiny of late, stemming from a handful of voices, primarily in the law and statistical communities. While strong scrutiny is a healthy and necessary part of any scientific endeavor, much of the current criticism leveled at firearm and toolmark analysis is, at best, misinformed and, at worst, punditry. One of the most persistent criticisms stems from the view that as the field lacks quantified random match probability data (or at least a firm statistical model) with which to calculate the probability of a false match, all expert testimony concerning firearm and toolmark identification or source attribution is unreliable and should be ruled inadmissible. However, this critique does not stem from the hard work of actually obtaining data and performing the scientific research required to support or reject current findings in the literature. Although there are sound reasons (described herein) why there is currently no unifying probabilistic model for the comparison of striated and impressed toolmarks as there is in the field of forensic DNA profiling, much statistical research has been, and continues to be, done to aid the criminal justice system. This research has thus far shown that error rate estimates for the field are very low, especially when compared to other forms of judicial error. The first purpose of this paper is to point out the logical fallacies in the arguments of a small group of pundits, who advocate a particular viewpoint but cloak it as fact and research. The second purpose is to give a balanced review of the literature regarding random match probability models and statistical applications that have been carried out in forensic firearm and toolmark analysis.     

刑事和解的适用成效、困境及出路

刑事和解作为一种刑事案件的解决方式,为我国刑事司法制度的改革提供了崭新的思路,它具有贯彻"宽严相济"刑事政策、提高诉讼效率和节省司法资源的功能。由于各种原因,刑事和解制度在实践尚不能充分实现其承载的应有功能。基于对适用刑事和解处理刑事案件的实证研究,我国应当尽快完善刑事和解的立法规定,建立刑事和解适用所需的配套制度,以使其体现自身的合理价值。     

A Multimodal Fusion Approach for Bullet Identification Systems

In the field of forensic science, bullet identification is based on the fact that firing the cartridge from a barrel leaves exclusive microscopic striation on the fired bullets as the fingerprint of the firearm. The bullet identification methods are categorized in 2‐D and 3‐D based on their image acquisition techniques. In this study, we focus on 2‐D optical images using a multimodal technique and propose several distinct methods as its modalities. The proposed method uses a multimodal rule‐based linear weighted fusion approach which combines the semantic level decisions from different modalities with a linear technique that its optimized modalities weights have been identified by the genetic algorithm. The proposed approach was applied on a dataset, which includes 180 2‐D bullet images fired from 90 different AK‐47 barrels. The experimentations showed that our approach attained better results compared to common methods in the field of bullet identification.     

民事诉讼调解结案率实证研究

实证研究发现,近年来无论一审、二审还是再审调解结案率都呈现曲折增长而非持续增长态势。无论一审、二审还是再审抑或婚姻家庭类案件、合同类案件还是权属侵权类案件,调解结案率一般都未超过60%。而且总体上看,一审调解结案率高于二审和再审,再审调解结案率高于二审,婚姻家庭类案件调解结案率高于合同类案件,合同类案件高于权属侵权类案件。当下中国法院调解结案率呈现如此面相,既是调解政策驱动、各法院领导重视程度不同所致,也有个案差异、案件性质不同等原因。这种"运动性"调解的负面效应在司法实践中越发凸显,未来中国应在深刻反思基础上理性对待和设计法院调解制度。     

论经验型法官之重构

经验型法官对司法具有重要的价值和意义。基于传统的纠纷类型案件的需求而产生的经验型法官不适应现代民事诉讼发展的需要,而现在所提倡的专业型法官也并不是完全适应社会需求的。因此,需要对经验型法官进行重构,以适应社会发展和诉讼体制变革的需要。     

Developing Principles for Best Practice in Expanded School Mental Health

On the basis of activities of a federally funded national center for school mental health, review of literature on principles for best practice in child and adolescent mental health and school health, and consultation with national experts and family members, a set of 10 principles for best practice in school mental health was developed. A survey was developed enabling 1–6 point Likert ratings (clearly unimportant to clearly important) for each of the 10 principles. With an original sample of 426 people involved in education, school health or mental health, all 10 principles were strongly endorsed, receiving mean ratings ranging between 5.10 and 5.75. On the basis of qualitative feedback from this survey and interactive forums, language for 9 of the 10 principles was revised and a survey reflecting these changes was developed and administered to a validation sample of 86 respondents. As with the original sample, endorsements of the principles were strong, with mean ratings ranging between 5.45 and 5.79. Findings are discussed in relation to advancing interconnected agendas related to quality assessment and improvement and empirically supported practice in school mental health.     

上市公司费用粘性对公司绩效的影响

在管理会计中,期间费用应随业务量上升时的增加额,要大于业务量等额度减少时期间费用的减少额。但费用粘性概念的提出,动摇了成本习性假设的基础地位。在对费用粘性相关文献进行综述的基础上,总结分析了费用粘性的特征、费用粘性的形成原因、以及可能产生的经济后果。通过理论分析及借鉴已有研究结论,得出上市公司管理费用率与公司下一期绩效并不具有统计意义上的相关性。     

民生性事权分配的经济法解析

民生性事权是指政府从事民生性事务的职权和职责，而民生性事权的分配则是指民生性事权在中央政府和地方政府之间以及同一级政府的不同职能部门之间的划分和配置。通过考察民生性事权在中央和地方之间分配失衡的实际情况，可以确立其在中央和地方合理分配的原则，进而进行规范上的构造。基本公共服务的事权应当尽可能由较高层级的政府承担，或者有能够与之匹配的地方财力支应，而非基本公共服务的事权则可以由较低层级的政府承担。     

预防社区矫正人员重新犯罪之探究

《]刑法修正案(八)》首次从法律上明确肯定了社区矫正制度,对社区矫正人员的矫正工作自此有了法律依据。随着非监禁刑监管方式的变化,社区矫正人员重新犯罪呈现出新的特点。从社会管理创新的角度对矫正人员重新犯罪的原因进行分析,探索预防矫正人员重新犯罪的途径和方法,对促进社会和谐具有重大意义。