选人还是选美:就业歧视浮出水面

现实生活中普遍存在的就业歧视现象,严重影响了劳动力市场的正常发育与成长,损害了就业市场的公平竞争环境,也损害了劳动者的劳动就业权。本文结合反就业歧视的历史和现状,针对目前我国反就业歧视立法存在的不足和问题,探讨了加强和完善反就业歧视立法的途径和主要内容。     

UNPACKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT EMPLOYMENT AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: A MATCHED SAMPLES COMPARISON*

A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐based trajectory modeling to stratify youths based on their developmental history of crime and substance abuse. This stratification serves to control for preexisting differences between workers and nonworkers and permits us to examine whether the effect of work on problem behaviors depends on the developmental history of those behaviors. Contrary to most prior research we find no overall effect of working on either criminal behavior or substance abuse. However, we do find some indication that work may have a salutary effect on these behaviors for some individuals who had followed trajectories of heightened criminal activity or substance abuse prior to their working for the first time.     

户籍歧视下的平等就业权——以“户籍歧视第一案”为例

劳动权是宪法赋予公民的一项基本权利。平等就业权是保障人生存权利的一种体现,也是基本人权的一种。我国的法律体系中对于保障劳动者平等就业权的条文并不多,且对于违反平等就业权的行为也仅仅是以有限列举的形式加以规制,且缺乏相应的法律责任。户籍歧视这一被公众所熟知的行为并未在法律中明文规定。"国内户籍歧视第一案"再次将以户籍歧视为代表的就业歧视行为置于公众的视野下,也暴露了我国现有劳动法律的不足,法律的修改和完善刻不容缓。     

Does regulation kill jobs?: The limits of quantification

This essay reviews a new edited volume entitled Does Regulation Kill Jobs? It concludes that this book brings much needed data and realism to the debate about jobs and the environment, showing that government regulation generally has minor impacts on employment. This essay focuses much of its attention on the suggestion, discussed by several of the contributors to this book, that cost–benefit analysis should include a dollar value representing an estimate of the value of employment changes a proposed regulation might cause. It discusses concerns about double counting, ex ante estimates of employment impacts, monetization of the value of employment impacts, and potentially misleading asymmetric analysis.     

构建女大学生就业促进机制的调查与思考

随着高等院校的扩招,大学毕业生急剧增加,大学生就业问题引起社会的广泛关注。为解决大学生就业,我国在实践中形成了国家政策支持、高校牵头搭建就业平台和毕业生自主竞争为主的就业促进机制。该机制对大学生就业起到了积极作用,但是女大学生基于传统性别文化形成的就业弱势仍需要更为有效的社会支持,应该在社会性别的视角下采取有效措施促进女大学生就业。     

当前南海形势及走向

南海问题的实质是南沙岛礁主权和海域管辖权争议,涉及“五国六方”。近年来,受美国全球战略调整等多重因素的影响,南海问题持续升温,有关争端国不断加大权益声索和实际管控力度,地区局势愈演愈烈。南海是我国国防安全海上屏障、发展制海权的重要战略出海口、经济和能源安全的海上运输要道及未来的能源和资源基地。新阶段,南海局势将继续保持升温态势,因此我国需要从国家总体发展战略全局出发,把握并延长战略机遇期,通盘考虑国际和国内影响因素,长远谋划妥善处理南海问题战略和战术决策,有效化解面临的巨大挑战,确保整体利益最大化。     

A Rising Tide? The Salience of Immigration and the Rise of Anti‐Immigration Political Parties in Western Europe

In this article, we consider the causes of the increase in voting for anti‐immigration parties in western Europe in the past decade. We first note that one of the most commonly assumed reasons for this increase is an associated increase in anti‐immigration sentiment, which we show is likely to be false. We also outline the major theoretical explanations, which we argue are likely to be incomplete. We then introduce our proposed explanation: these parties have benefitted from a sharp increase in the salience of immigration amongst some voters. We show that there are strong correlations over time between the salience of immigration and the polling of such parties in most western European countries. We argue that aspects of immigration in the last decade have activated pre‐existing opposition to immigration amongst a shrinking segment of the populations of western European states.     

Electoral competition and the welfare state

The article investigates how parties compete over the welfare state by emphasising specific welfare state issues. The core argument is that two issue-specific factors determine how much parties emphasise individual welfare state issues: the character of policy problems related to the policy issues and the type of social risks involved. To test the argument, a new large-N dataset is employed, with election manifestos from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The dataset contains information on how much parties have talked about health care, education, and labour market protection in national elections since 1980. With the data at hand, it is possible to provide the first systematic investigation of how parties compete for votes over the welfare state. The approach here is able to explain the empirical fact that health care is consistently receiving increased attention everywhere, while particularly labour market protection has witnessed a decline in attention.     

论努力扩大劳动就业

我国就业形势从长期看,虽然存在经济在较长时期内仍会保持7%以上增长速度、进入劳动年龄人口在逐年减少等有利因素。但也面临就业弹性系数不断降低、结构性失业现象比较严重等不利因素,特别是农民工和大专院校学生就业问题愈益突出。政府要始终把扩大就业作为宏观经济政策、产业政策和劳动力市场政策的重要内容和首要目标。为此,要保持经济平稳较快增长;在产业结构调整和产业升级过程中注意发展第三产业和劳动密集型产业;大力发展非公经济和小型、微型企业;调整教育结构,大力发展各类中等职业技术教育;改进和完善积极就业的政策措施。     

国有企业加强廉洁建设的路径选择

廉洁企业建设，是企业贯彻中央建设廉洁政治要求的重要举措，是将国有企业独特的政治优势转化为核心竞争力的有效途径。深化廉洁从业教育，要着眼于表层“进入人心”、内层“融入人心”和深层“化为行动”等三个层面；完善制度监督机制，实现权力的正确行使，必须具备有规可依、有规必依两个基本条件；提升文化促廉功能，强化理念引领、阵地建设和舆论引导，弘扬主流价值观，让“软”文化“硬”起来，为国有企业科学和谐持续发展提供坚强的软实力。