资本有机构成变化和中国就业结构调整

资本有机构成变化对中国就业结构带来了重大影响,这主要体现在第一产业就业人数大幅度减少;第二产业就业比重趋于下降;第三产业就业总量和比重呈现明显上升趋势.     

我国中小企业的发展与劳动力就业--从国际比较看发展中小企业对于解决我国劳动力就业的重大意义

中小企业在当今世界各国经济的发展过程中一直受到广泛的重视.在一些中小企业比较发达的国家和地区,所在政府有关部门都从政策、金融、税收等方面进行不遗余力的支持.本文主要从国际比较的角度,探讨中小企业的发展对于解决我国劳动力就业问题的重要作用.     

女性就业的行业-工资倾向与性别歧视

本文引入女性就业的行业—工资倾向概念来分析女性劳动力的行业分布相对于工资来说有没有倾向性,并以此判断女性的行业分布是否有歧视的成分。我国女性就业的行业工资倾向系数较高,而且有逐步提高的趋势,说明我国女性劳动者在行业分布上受到歧视的可能性比较小。     

非正规就业——弱势群体就业的有效途径

目前在结构性改革、新技术应用带来的劳动力结构性矛盾日益突出的现状下,出现了一部分易受劳动力市场排斥、就业前景有限的弱势群体.发展正规就业的同时大力发展非正规就业,对于这些弱势群体来说,具有非常重要的生存战略意义.     

从二元到一元:城乡社会结构转换的政策取向

要实现城乡社会结构从二元到一元的转换，就必须选择适宜的社会政策，即：改革户籍制度，选择城市化发展道路，消解城乡二元社会保障结构，建立城乡统筹就业体制。     

行政哲学：研究对象与基本问题

本以行政哲学研究对象和研究主题的新认识为基础，提出行政哲学是关于行政观的学问，是人们基于行政实践而对行政本质以及行政科学发展进程进行考察和反思的相关知识的概括和总结。结合当前行政学研究的实际，本将行政哲学研究的基本问题界定为以下五个方面：行政本质及其分界、行政的基本假定、行政目的与行政价值、行政理论范式及其转换、行政理论评价及其创新。     

嵌套激励与闭环监控 ：互联网平台用工中的劳动控制 ——以外卖行业为例

与传统行业相比，互联网平台用工中的劳动控制发生了新变化。以外卖行业为例，平台对劳动者的控制主要通过两种途径实施：嵌套激励体系构成的制度控制和闭环监控体系构成的技术控制。由工资、奖励及各种前提条件组成的复杂多变的劳动报酬体系，让骑手们在追求不确定增长收入的同时成为忠诚有效的劳动力。由平台、代理商和消费者依托人脸识别系统、卫星定位系统、顺客评分系统和KPI考核机制共同打造的四重监控体系，实现了对骑手劳动过程的全方位控制。研究建议，在推动平台经济发展的同时，必须正确处理资本和劳动之间的利益关系，有力保障劳动者权益，深刻反思劳动的价值。     

印度尼西亚海洋安全思维与合作逻辑

对地理特征的认知塑造一个国家的海洋安全思维。印尼具有“群岛特征”(陆地分散、海上邻国多和海域广阔)和“海权特征”(海上战略位置、良港和重要航道、海洋资源)两组地理特点,分别指向海洋“作为威胁”和“作为秩序来源”两种相互矛盾的认知模式。如何处理这对矛盾成为厘清印尼海洋安全思维发展的核心问题。在民族国家建构初期和冷战背景下,印尼着重应对与“群岛特征”相关的安全威胁。以苏西洛为转折点,印尼开始追求“海权特征”带来的秩序福利。群岛海洋安全思维的长期实践塑造了当前印尼海洋安全现状和合作逻辑:“重陆轻海”政策导致海洋安全能力落后,使印尼重视提升海上执法能力的务实合作;海盗问题的跨界性质使印尼提供安全公共产品的意愿较低,产生了“搭便车”的合作逻辑;1982年《联合国海洋法公约》确认了印尼的“岛国内海”权利,该公约被印尼视为海洋安全的制度保护伞和合作的底线。     

From Foster Care to Adulthood: The Role of Income

This study explores the role of income for young people with experience in foster care transitioning to adulthood. It draws on in-depth structured interviews with eight staff members and 38 current and former foster youths age 18 years and older, who were participants in an innovative program to build their assets and financial capability. Interviews took place in four sites in three states. This study illuminates how those with experience in foster care seek to obtain and manage money to transition successfully to adult financial roles. Findings suggest that early and practical experiences with money are important for gaining financial capability. The study also highlights the need for child welfare professionals to develop expertise in financial literacy and understand the pitfalls that lie in both traditional and nontraditional financial services. By deepening understanding among staff of the economic realities facing the young people today, child welfare agencies will be more likely to prepare former foster youths for life on their own.     

Revived and Discouraged: Evaluating Employment Barriers for Section 3 Residents With Criminal Records

Section 3 was established in the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act of 1968 to provide employment for public housing residents in distressed communities while rebuilding underserved neighborhoods. As a provision that recipients of HUD funding must comply with, Section 3 reporting agencies are having trouble securing employment for ex-offenders. This is problematic since low-income ex-offenders unable to secure stable employment are more likely to recidivate. Research evaluating the specific barriers to employment for Section 3 residents with criminal records and policy recommendations are sparse although the problem is prevalent in communities nationwide. This study uses San Antonio, Texas as an example for conducting a policy review to identify the barriers to employment for Section 3 ex-offenders. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that at the national level, HUD and the Section 3 provision do not create barriers to employment but state and local policies and practices do.