Beliefs about Wife Beating among Medical Students from Turkey

The paper presents a study conducted among 173 Turkish medical students, which examined their beliefs about wife beating through a self-administered questionnaire. An integrative conceptual framework was tested as the basis for explaining the students’ beliefs. The results revealed that between 4.5 and 38.7% of the participants justified wife beating, between 3.5 and 5.3% of them tended to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 4.7 and 28.5% of them tended to believe that battered women are responsible for their beating. In addition, between 68.4 and 90.6% of the students expressed willingness to help battered women, and although nearly half of them perceived the violent husbands as responsible for their behavior, only about one-quarter of them supported punishing violent husbands. The results also indicate that significant amounts of the variance in students’ beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their patriarchal ideology toward family life and to their exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research, theory development, and training of medical students. Both authors contributed equally to this paper. The order of the names does not indicate seniority of either author.     

Destructive Competition or Competition Destroyed? Regulatory Theory and the History of Irish Road Transportation Legislation

The principal aim of our study is to contribute to the debate over whether regulation is enacted in the interest of consumers, producers, political agents, or some combination of these. We examine the legislative debates and subsequent regulatory bills surrounding road transportation regulation in Ireland in light of the three dominant theories which purport to explain the existence of regulation: the public interest theory and the so-called Chicago and Virginia theories. A unique feature of our study is an attempt to integrate specific rhetorical concepts used in the public policy debates into the theoretical analysis of regulation. One noteworthy conclusion of our study is that theories of economic processes affect the shaping and results of public policy.     

海子之死的证据学谜区（下）

20年来，伴随着海子诗歌的巨大成功和广泛社会影响，海子逝世的原因也引起社会日益广泛的关注和推测。本文提出了关于海子死亡问题的证据学谜区、广义破案和证明。并对关于海子案件的纷繁杂乱的证据材料之筐、证据系统完型谜区、海子死亡原因的可能性空间、死亡安排、证据理论的难题与困境等问题进行了初步探索。     

An economic analysis of the post World War II decline in the Japanese crime rate

Since the end of World War II there has been a dramatic decrease in reported Japanese crime. Adult arrest rates have fallen steadily since the early 1950s and juvenile arrest rates have fallen since the early 1960s. An economic analysis of crime predicts that crime rates depend upon returns to crime relative to returns in legal pursuits and the certainty and severity of punishment. Regression analysis is used to test this theory using Japanese data. The empirical results indicate that the economic model does not outperform alternative naive models. However, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that increases in returns to legitimate work diminish both adult and juvenile crime. Unemployment affects some adult crimes but has little impact on juvenile crime. The share of the population in poverty has no significant impact on either type of crime. Increases in the certainty of punishment deters adult crime but there is little evidence that increases in either the certainty or the severity of punishment deter juvenile crime. There is weak evidence to support the hypothesis that increases in the severity of adult punishments deter crime.     

认知语境的建构与英语阅读理解

认知语境观揭示语义推理的认知心理依据和心理状态，语篇理解是一个”认知一推理”的动态化过程。认知语境及其在此基础上的预设在语篇处理中占有十分重要的地位，它揭示了语篇理解的认知心理依据，解释并制约着语言的表达与理解。本文从认知角度分析认知语境在阅读教学中的作用，从而指出在阅读教学中，教师应该引导学生运用正确的预设，建构合适的语境，提高学生的阅读能力和阅读速度。     

第三类推理是什么？——沃尔顿假设性推理研究述评

非形式逻辑学家沃尔顿对假设性推孕进行了深入的研究，并且将假设性推理升为和演绎与归纳相并列的第三类推理形式，从而在理论和实践上解决了许多长期困扰人们的逻辑问题，为论证和谬误理论研究提供了一个新的逻辑基础，是对非形式逻辑合法性的极好辩护，也对建立面向生活世界的语用逻辑提供了更为合适的标准。同时，第三类推理理论也为研究法律推理中的推理模式提供了新的逻辑方法。     

论知识产权的本质及其正当性

从为财产权提供正当性的几个代表性学说人手,重点选取洛克的自然法理论的劳动学说和黑格尔的财产权自由意志理论作为讨论的依据,在分析两大学说的内涵的基础上着重探讨它们在知识产权领域的适用性和有限性,从哲学层面上思考知识产权制度这种存在了几百年历史的法律制度的理性与正当性.以此为依据,指出知识产权法律制度和知识产权法学的存在是客观事实.如何通过理论上的完善使长期以来争论不休的知识产权体系化问题得以统一,最重要的就是要找到其中的逻辑联系点.     

法学通说的文明与法学通说的选择

法学在本质上是人类理性的普遍表达，据此可以逻辑地推定法学的绝对标准与相对标准。其中。绝对标准是法学家不懈追求的理想，而相对标准经过学界认同则演绎为法学通说。法学通说是一种文明、力量、传统和理性，它不断地推动时代进步和法律发展，为法律文明添加智力支持和思想支撑。法学通说概念之下主要包括“要有一种普遍的主张”、“包括一个或一些基本的概念”和“支持这一主张的某种类型的论证”三个基本要素，而“内在的一致性、简单性、平稳性、形而上学与科学的相容性、理论间的支持”则是法学通说的论证标准。以此为根基，法学通说不仅能够确立而且必须确立。这又使法学通说真正呈现出法学学术及其成长的原貌，学术薪火因此世代相传。     

坚持中国特色社会主义理论的武装统领与发挥社会主义核心价值体系的功能探讨

健全社会主义核心价值体系是建设社会主义和谐文化的关键所在。为此，必须坚持中国特色社会主义理论的武装统领，充分发挥核心价值体系的导向凝聚、主导控制、兼容整合、规范自律、教育矫正、支撑保障等诸多功能。     

浅议抽象危险犯之危险

抽象危险犯是危险犯的一个重要类型,应区别具体危险犯,抽象危险犯之危险应采“一般的危险说”为宜。