论电信诈骗犯罪侦查中的现场取证——兼论电信诈骗犯罪侦查国际警务合作现场取证的要点

电信诈骗犯罪案件侦查中,由于犯罪嫌疑人人数众多、证据形式多样化且多为电子证据,特别是在跨国(境)联合侦查中,法律制度不同,侦查方法、技能、语言不同,现场取证活动往往面临较大困难。电信诈骗犯罪案件侦查的现场取证,首先应做好充分的准备工作,包括详细查明现场情况、加强跨国(境)联合侦查中双方的协商沟通、做好现场取证的物质准备;现场取证过程中,犯罪嫌疑人很可能逃跑或毁灭证据,侦查人员应采取措施控制现场及犯罪嫌疑人,同时,为确保证据的有效性,必须规范实施取证活动。     

“民意主导”理念在刑侦工作中的运用

为更好地回应人民群众的新期待,维护社会稳定和服务民生,公安机关提出了"民意主导警务"的理念。作为公安工作重要组成部分的刑侦工作贯彻落实"民意主导"理念是其应有之意和必然要求。为在刑侦工作中践行"民意主导"理念,在对民意的内涵和民意主导警务的价值进行分析的基础上,提出了从"问警于民、问需于民、问计于民"三个层面在刑侦工作中践行"民意主导"理念的思路。     

A retrospective comparative study to evaluate the reliability of post-mortem interval sources in UK and US medico-legal death investigations

Post-mortem interval (PMI) information sources may be subject to varying degrees of reliability that could impact the level of confidence associated with PMI estimations in forensic taphonomy research and in the practice of medico-legal death investigation. This study aimed to assess the reliability of PMI information sources in a retrospective comparative analysis of 1813 cases of decomposition from the Allegheny County Office of the Medical Examiner in Pittsburgh, US (n = 1714), and the Crime Scene Investigation department at Southwest Forensics in the UK (n = 99). PMI information sources were subjected to a two-stage evaluation using an adapted version of the 3x5 aspects of the UK police National Intelligence Model (NIM) to determine the confidence level associated with each source. Normal distribution plots were created to show the distribution frequency of the dependent variables (decomposition stage and source evaluation) by the independent variable of PMI. The manner, location, and season of death were recorded to ascertain if these variables influenced the reliability of the PMI. A confidence matrix was then created to assess the overall reliability and provenance of each PMI information source. Reliable PMI sources (including forensic specialists, missing persons reports, and digital evidence) were used across extensive PMI ranges (1 to 2920 days in the US, and 1 to 240 days in the UK) but conferred a low incidence of use with forensic specialists providing a PMI estimation in only 35% of all homicide cases. Medium confidence PMI sources (e.g., last known social contact) accounted for the majority of UK (54%, n = 54) and US (82%, n = 1413) cases and were associated with shorter PMIs and natural causes of death. Low confidence PMI sources represented the lowest frequencies of UK and US cases and exclusively comprised PMI information from scene evidence. In 96% of all cases, only one PMI source was reported, meaning PMI source corroboration was overall very low (4%). This research has important application for studies using police reports of PMI information to validate PMI estimation models, and in the practice of medico-legal death investigation where it is recommended that i) the identified reliable PMI sources are sought ii) untested or unreliable PMI sources are substantiated with corroborating PMI information, iii) all PMI sources are reported with an associated degree of confidence that encapsulates the uncertainty of the originating source.     

The potential of digital technologies in problem-based forensic learning activities

Forensic practice is the concluding practical course of the forensic science bachelor program at the School of Criminal Justice of the University of Lausanne. Learning activities are constructed around five main objectives for the resolution of simulated forensic case problems: 1) select relevant traces and items to be collected at the scene and perceive their potential value in the reconstruction process, 2) apply appropriate detection techniques in sequence to obtain clues of good quality, 3) process traces using Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation and Verification (ACE-V) methodology, 4) produce and summarise information in oral and written forms to help an investigation, and 5) work collaboratively to benefit from the diversity of group members. Simulating and supervising realistic activities is a complex task that became more and more challenging with a continuously increasing number of students over the years (from ca. 30 in 2016 to more than 60 in 2021). Thus, an educational innovation project was launched and aimed at implementing digital technologies to support the teaching staff. A computer-based crime scene simulation tool (allowing students to visualize 360° crime scenes and relevant items) and a communication tool (to simplify and centralise the communication between the students and the teaching staff) were implemented. This article describes the implementation, added value and limitations of these digital technologies in problem-based learning activities. Prior to 2020, the practical course forensic practice was delivered entirely on-site without specific technologies, and entirely on-line in 2020 (due to the sanitary restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic). Finally, in 2021, on-line and on-site activities were implemented with success, combining the best of both approaches in a blended teaching mode. An overall increase in the satisfaction of students and teaching staff was observed with the implementation of these tools. Limiting presence on-site allowed students to take a step back from the activities and collected items. This promoted critical thinking, and together with an increase in structured (on-line and on-site) interactions allowed for a positive, continuous learning experience. While the evaluations of these novel technologies were very positive, students still expressed their willingness to perform certain tasks on-site and a preference for face-to-face interactions.     

贵州近代少数民族调查研究的拓荒者——抗战时期大夏大学社会研究部的成就

本文较全面地介绍了抗日战争时期大夏大学内迁贵州后,所做的民族调查研究的开拓性工作.     

一氧化碳中毒致死之案例研究

通过两例一氧化碳中毒致死特殊案例的分析,探讨一氧化碳中毒原因,中毒机理,中毒致死量。案例分析表明,只有通过详细认真的现场勘查,专业性的尸体检验及检材采取,科学的富有逻辑性的案件分析论断,才能准确为案件定性,解答死者家属疑问,以避免冤案错案的产生。     

论刑事侦查中的诚实信用原则

诚实信用原则本为民法中的帝王法则,在刑事侦查中也有其独特的价值,如维护刑事司法公信力、规范侦查主体行为、促进诉讼民主、保证刑事司法公正等。刑事侦查中诚实信用原则要求侦查主体在取证中对证明犯罪嫌疑人无罪和罪轻的证据都要收集,对犯罪嫌疑人、社会大众、知情人、其它侦查机关都要讲究诚实信用。但刑事侦查活动的特殊性使得刑事侦查中的诚实信用应有例外,体现在诱惑侦查、审讯中的欺骗、秘密性侦查手段、侦查谋略等方面。     

论信用卡诈骗案件的侦查

信用卡诈骗案件的立案应谨慎,严格刑法入罪,对信用卡透支到期不还的行为不能都以犯罪论处,刑法重在打击恶意透支行为。侦查机关应分析犯罪分子作案规律,严密布控,伺机抓获现行,或从涉案信用卡入手挖掘侦查线索。侦查人员应注重现场勘查,从犯罪分子遗留信息如监控录像记录、指纹、通信和住宿登记信息等入手突破案情。还可以通过对POS机商户的业务进行排查,发现可疑线索,集中查处一批信用卡诈骗案件。侦查中,应注意针对行为人的非法占有目的进行证据收集,如伪造的或作废的信用卡、催收记录等。     

互联网信息侦查应用问题研究

互联网信息技术的普及和发展,在给人们生活带来更多便利的同时,也被一些违法犯罪人员加以利用,成为滋生犯罪的新鲜土壤。针对犯罪分子利用互联网这一新的特点,侦查部门可以有针对性地对互联网信息进行收集、分析、整理和研判,对互联网信息的进行综合应用,从而有效地实现侦查破案、打击刑事犯罪的任务。     

检察机关职务犯罪侦查工作新挑战——谈刑诉法修订后存在的问题与对策

从司法实践者的视角,通过分析新刑诉法的修订对检察机关职务犯罪侦查工作的影响,阐述了司法实践中存在的初查制度落后、侦查方式单一、侦查协调不畅、人权保障条款容易被滥用等现实问题,并提出了相应的解决对策和建议。