对公安行政执法责任的思考

公安行政执法的主要目标是使每一个公民的合法权益在法律规定的范围内免受不正当侵害。而由于公安机关性质的特殊性所引起的行政违法和行政不当现象在现实中屡禁不止,因此在扩展公安权力和自由裁量权的同时,必须充分考虑其执法权力与责任的一致性和相当性。我们在对公安行政执法责任进行理性分析的同时,应积极探寻落实这一责任的可行路径,以保证我国的公安执法在法治的轨道上运行。     

论我国反垄断执法的司法审查标准

由于反垄断法的不确定性，我国现行相关法律规定是无法满足因反垄断执法而引发的行政诉讼的司法审查需求我们有必要提升合理性标准的法律地位，将其与合法性标准并列为我瑚司法审查的基本标准。     

新视野下的警察执法权益保障机制探析

侵犯人民警察执法权益,暴力袭警,故意伤害民警的行为,不仅是对国家法律的公然藐视和对社会的敌视,也是破坏社会公共秩序,妨害国家机关对社会正常管理的行为。只有从法律法规体系上、保护措施上、自身素质上完善人民警察执法权益的保障机制,提高人民警察的执法水平和自我保护能力,才能有效地维护人民警察的合法权益。     

ESTIMATING INTERVENTION EFFECTS IN VARYING RISK SETTINGS: DO POLICE RAIDS REDUCE ILLEGAL DRUG DEALING AT NUISANCE BARS?*

This paper investigates the effectiveness of police raids in reducing drug dealing in and around nuisance bars. We examine effects of both dosage (number of raids) and duration (months) of the intervention, as well as the conditioning effects of land use and population characteristics in shaping the underlying risk levels of drug dealing in the target and surrounding areas. Results indicate that the police intervention suppresses levels of drug dealing during periods of active enforcement, but the effects largely disappear when the intervention is withdrawn. Also, the effects of the intervention are mediated by risk characteristics in target and surrounding areas. Target areas characterized by higher levels of risk are more resistant to intervention effects than those with lower levels of risk. Risk factors in nearby areas are also significant. Bars with high levels of risk arising from land uses in surrounding areas are easier to treat, while bars with high levels of population‐based risk in surrounding areas are harder to treat.     

办理治安案件增设"调查"程序谈--兼谈《治安管理处罚法》的立法设计

《治安管理处罚法》中“调查”程序的增设,具有现实必然性。侦查讯问和调查询问之间具有侦办案件的桥梁,“讯问”改为“询问”透视了注重平抑当事人矛盾、化解社会冲突的执法理念。该法中关于治安询问中的传唤措施、询问时限、记录方式、询问地点、询问的法律强制性等问题的规定体现了法律的程序化原则、便民性原则和效率性原则,具有人性化的色彩,彰显了建立法治国家构建和谐社会的理念。     

民商法在公安执法中的地位研究

民商法的平等、权利保护、诚信等基本原则对树立人民警察的执法理念具有重要作用,对维护人民警察自身合法利益也具有重要意义。现在,公安机关在具体执法工作中愈来愈多地应用民商法知识。因此,研究民商法在公安执法工作中的地位,有助于扭转以往公安工作重刑轻民的传统观念,提高警察的素质,更好地发挥人民警察的作用。     

论我国警察执法的困境与出路

随着依法治国方略的不断深入和全社会民主法制意识的逐步提高,警察执法面临诸多困境:公安机关的角色定位不准确;警察的综合素质较低;袭警案件频发;监督制度不完善,监督手段虚化;警力和经费严重不足等。为此,摆脱警察执法困境需要科学界定公安机关的角色定位,实行人性化执法;严格入警制度,引入竞争机制,通畅出口,提高民警的综合素质;加强监督,从严治警;革新领导体制,改善执法环境;增设袭警罪,建立专业化的维权机构,保护民警的合法权益。     

The Dissemination of Detainees Awaiting Trial Before International and Internationalized Criminal Tribunals

This paper will focus on the rights attributed to detainees who are facing charges before international and internationalized criminal courts. The question is whether their position merits a different approach compared to the position of detainees who are confronted with domestic criminal trials. In particular, this paper will address the question whether, and to what extent, international human rights have a direct effect on the position of the former detainees. Attention will focus on case law of the European Court of Human Rights vis-a-vis the rights of detainees and the impact thereof on the position of detainees who are held in custody on behalf of international and internationalized criminal courts. The author is Professor of International Criminal Law at Utrecht University (The Netherlands), defence counsel acting before the ICTY, ICTR and SCSL, and a partner of the law firm Knoops & Partners Advocaten in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.     

加拿大竞争局的执法方法简介及评价

加拿大竞争局在执行竞争法的过程中,确立了以最大限度地遵守竞争法为目标定位的方法体系, 包括通过教育遵守竞争法的措施、促进遵守竞争法的措施、对不遵守竞争法的应对措施三个方面 的内容。这一执法体系,强调对不正当竞争行为和限制竞争行为的预防和指导,强调和经营者、 政府部门的合作,注重非对抗性程序的应用,提倡高效、及时的解决竞争问题,符合市场经济条件 下效益优先的原则,很好地适应了全球化背景下加拿大解决竞争问题的需要,对我国的竞争执法 工作有相当的借鉴意义。     

宪法权利本质论、价值论与实践论

宪法权利反映了民族国家的社会政治理想和法治理念 ,它既是一种政治道德权利 ,又是一种针对国家的法律原则性权利。宪法权利既有使权利作为目标和手段的正义化和使社会政治制度秩序化的内在价值 ,也有满足宪法关系主体需要的工具性价值。宪法权利一方面依托宪法进行宏观实践 ;另一方面依托自身的权利构造进行各种具体权利的微观实践。我国的宪法权利反映了宪法权利的基本方面 ,也显示出在上述方面存在的不足