论船舶优先权的行使

船舶优先权的行使方式有三种 :扣船行使、卖船行使、参与分配行使。当事船舶被依法扣押是船舶优先权的行使条件。船舶扣押地法院对船舶优先权的确认和行使具有专门管辖权。本文分析了船舶优先权的行使特性 ,船舶运输企业、海上生产企业破产程序对船舶优先权行使的影响 ,并提出了建议。     

制度执行力:概念辨析及构建要素

制度执行力就是指制度本身所具有被执行落实的强制力、执行效力,以及相关组织在执行相关制度时的执行力量和执行效力。制度执行力与政府执行力、政策执行力之间具有交叉重叠的关系。制度执行力的构建,需要从完善制度、执行元制度、执行主体、执行行动、执行要件等方面着手。     

The Identification of a Human Skull Recovered from an eBay Sale

Abstract:  A human skull seized by the State of Louisiana from an eBay sale is analyzed. Bioarchaeological analyses of age-at-death, sex, and population affinity suggest the individual represented by the skull was a middle-aged Native American female. The presence of intentional cranial modification independently supports the population affinity assessment while confounding the metric analyses. However, no further specificity as to population affinity could be inferred using existing methods and comparative databases. Sedimentological and palynological analyses were attempted to redress this impasse. The presence of fine-grained charcoal, abundant fungal remains, and small angular quartz grains suggestive of burial in loess, as well as the lack of pollen, pteridophyte spores, and microscopic algae, suggest a likely upland burial location from somewhere in the lower Mississippi Valley. The sedimentological and palynological analyses, while not conclusive, show promise for use in future affiliation analyses of human remains recovered during the course of forensic investigations. The results are reviewed within the broader context of the legal debate over the repatriation of human remains.     

An optimal anti-drug law enforcement policy

This article presents a model for a drug law enforcement policy whose objective is harm reduction, including the net cost of law enforcement, social harm and surplus of agents. We consider a vertically organized distribution system with two levels, traffickers and retailers. The two questions concern which type of sellers have to be prosecuted and which law enforcement policy should be implemented that is, the probability of being caught and the severity of the punishment. We show that a trafficker-oriented law enforcement regime can avoid counter-productive policies. Moreover, decriminalization or depenalization is optimal under some conditions depending on the relationship between social harm and consumption.     

论我国的警察职位分类

我国正处在一个社会的转型期,警民冲突事件和警察执法伤亡案件逐年增多。对警察进行职位分类并实施有效管理,是避免警察执法伤亡和警民冲突的有效手段,也是提高警察工作积极性和业务能力,加强警察职业化进程的重要途径。     

国际法院诉讼案件判决的执行问题探析

国际法院判决的执行问题并非只是一个执行或不执行的简单二分法问题,而是一个介于两者之间、包含一系列政治决策的复杂问题。一方面,根据《联合国宪章》和国家的实践,当事国有遵守国际法院判决的义务;另一方面,出于自身利益的考虑,当事国往往以各种理由阻止对自己不利的判决的实际生效。由于目前国际上缺乏一个有效的执行机制,这一矛盾没能得到完满的解决。因此,在分析当事国遵守国际法院判决义务的基础上,对国际法院诉讼案件判决的执行实践和执行方式进行深入探讨有重要意义。     

刑事涉案财物追缴的法律问题调研

对刑事涉案财物的追缴和管理,不仅关系到受害人权利的保护,还涉及到犯罪嫌疑人的财产权利。尽管刑事涉案财物（主要是赃款赃物）在法律、法规及司法解释等规范中均有规定,但司法实践中的操作还是比较混乱,各基层公安机关都从自身工作实际出发,制定了对涉案财物的管理规定,但实施的情况仍不尽如人意。究其原因是多方面的。只有改善目前这种状况,才能使执法更加规范。     

各国警察执法保障对策比较研究

对比研究中外部分国家警察执法保障相关立法规定。在借鉴国外警察执法保障相关立法经验和我国警察执法保障现状的基础上,探索完善我国警察执法权益保障的对策。其中包括：建议单独增设袭警罪;建议修改《人民警察法》第三十第五条规定,加大对侵犯警察执法权力的处罚力度：规范合法警用暴力的使用标准。完善警察执法保障的其他建议是：建立完善人民警察维权的机构;充分发挥警用装备的作用;提高民警自我防护意识;强化民警执法素质和执法活动效能的训练。     

Measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime

This article explores the possibility of measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime in a reliable and accountable manner, both in general terms and with a practical focus on the Canadian context. In considering measures to combat organized crime, a focus on process measurement has obscured the more substantial question of progress as regards the dependent variable itself: the bottom line of reducing the impact of organized criminal behaviour. While outcome measures are more challenging to identify than process measures, this fact alone does not minimize the need to demonstrate the connection between organized crime enforcement and its presumed outcomes to a greater degree of certainty. To date, this has not been realized to any significant degree, as revealed by a review of existing international approaches to measuring the impact of enforcement activity. The article argues that a multidisciplinary focus on community level indicators of crime, if initially less accessible than process measures of impact on organized crime groups, offers promise as a measurement of absolute and relative impact of state investment in enforcement.

Interviewing serious offenders: Ms. Egghead meets Mr. Gumshoe

Organised crime, due to its intricate nature, is a very challenging as well as less accessible research field. Although difficult to conduct a methodical research on this topic, organised crime, nevertheless, offers a unique opportunity to utilise an interdisciplinary research methodology. This paper describes (multiple) triangulation as an appropriate method for researching the role of culture in the advancement of ethnic Albanian organised crime groups in Europe. Triangulation, for the purpose of the described project, has been used to obtain confirmation of findings through convergence of different perspectives. Interviewing offenders is one of the research methods more thoroughly explained in this paper. The paper too explores some advantages of snowball technique used for interviewing less accessible research subjects. It also discusses various dilemmas, security-related or not, researchers are faced with when intending to interview serious offenders.