从船员雇用方式的变化谈《中华人民共和国海商法》有关船员规定的修改

中国在涉及船员的立法方面比较原则，有关配套规章多涉及管理性的规定，此种立法局面不利于对船员权利的保护。完善相关的立法可考虑从两个层面入手，在民商法层面，应当修改《中华人民共和国海商法》船员一章，增设船员劳务合同的内容；在单行法层面，应加快制定专门的船员法，将《中国船员集体协议》的内容上升为法律，以便适应新的海运开放形势，在当前船员外派日益增多的环境下保障船员的权利。     

Majoritarian values and women’s rights: police and judicial behavior in Tajikistan and Azerbaijan

This paper analyzes judicial and police behavior in dealing with cases of family violence and divorce in Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. Police and judges deliberately violate existing legal provisions to prevent women from divorcing or filing charges against their husbands in cases of domestic violence. While the law does not recognize religious marriages in Tajikistan, judges often rule to protect women’s living space after the dissolution of such unions. Drawing on rich interview and archival data, this behavior is explained by showing that judicial and police behavior reflects their biases, which in turn are a reflection of majoritarian norms in these countries. Since current laws are derived from Soviet codes, which were never internalized by the population, police and judges bend them to fit their understanding of social justice.     

Writing,Space and Authority: Producing and Critiquing Settler Jurisdiction in Western Australia

On the edge of Stirling Gardens in central Perth, Western Australia, five large, old-fashioned pen nibs stand in a curved line, their tips in the ground. Anne Neil’s sculpture, Memory Markers, commemorates the history of this site, which includes the Supreme Court. Taking this sculpture as an emblem of writing, which in the context of its setting highlights the relationship between literature and law, this article explores the image of the pen in the ground. As a symbol of literacy, it evokes the powerful network of discourses—particularly law, science and religion—that underwrote the imperial project. It signals, in Michele Grossman’s terms, “the event of literacy [that] radically interrupts and disrupts—but never eliminates—pre-existing Aboriginal epistemologies”. The article goes on to explore the sculpture as a symbol of the assertion of jurisdiction, the speaking of law in and over colonised space. It analyses a group of written texts associated with this site, from colonial legal assertions of jurisdiction over Aboriginal people in Edward Landor’s The Bushman (1847), through a proclamation under the Aborigines Act 1905 (WA), to Stephen Kinnane’s Indigenous family memoir of life under that act, Shadow Lines (2004).     

Development as recolonization: the political ecology of the Endosulphan disaster in Kasargod,India

This paper examines the Endosulphan pesticide disaster in Kasargod, Kerala, India. The paper argues that the pesticide disaster was the culmination of an agrarian modernization project implemented in the region by the state-owned Plantation Corporation of Kerala (PCK). An exploration of the political ecology of the disaster shows the recolonization of residents and nature by PCK through neocolonial forms of centralized and exclusionary spatial and resource control mechanisms. In this context, the paper questions the glorification of the “Kerala model” of development from the standpoints of environmental justice and resource rights, relying on the lived experiences of the people of Kasargod.     

"无讼"法律文化与中国公众的法律认同

"无讼"作为中国传统法律文化的重要价值取向,对当代中国公众的法律认同,产生了许多方面的消极影响,从而导致公众的狭隘工具性法律认同、单一性法律认同和对法律的不认同.但同时,"无讼"法律文化对当代中国公众的法律认同,也有许多方面的积极影响和有益的启示.它对社会安定与秩序的追求,是人们产生法律认同的基本前提.我们可以批判地借鉴它对传统道德、民间习惯等社会调节手段的运用,从而建立法律的内在权威,促进公众的自觉认同;它所推行的多规则统治模式,有利于我们避免"法律万能主义"的非理性认同,建立对法律的理性认同.我们在法治化进程中,要坚持"权利本位"的宗旨,提供良好法律产品;执政党和政府要厉行法治,做法律认同的典范;进一步促进国家法律对民间规则、习俗的认可、接纳力度,使法律成为公众内心习惯的一部分,增强法律的亲和力.     

欧洲新水政策及其对完善我国水污染防治法的启示

欧盟新水政策建立了相互独立的水管理系统,把所有地表水都应纳入"良好生态状况"和"良好化学状况"的一般性保护中,注意运用综合方法、水价杠杆、广泛的公众参与等保护水环境.我国水污染防治法在立法目的、公众参与、水环境管理体制等方面可以借鉴欧盟新水政策的经验加以完善.     

实质的刑法解释论之确立与展开

在刑法的解释与适用上,存在着形式的刑法解释论与实质的刑法解释论之争。形式的刑法解释论主张对刑罚法规进行字面的、形式的、逻辑的解释,实质的刑法解释论主张对刑罚法规进行实质的、价值的、合目的的解释。实质的刑法解释论是对形式的刑法解释论的扬弃,它不仅与刑法规范的特点、结构、内容相一致,具有方法论意义上的合理性,而且满足了我国刑事法治目标与罪刑法定原则兼具形式侧面与实质侧面的要求,适应了我国犯罪概念与犯罪构成体系形式与实质相统一的特点,具有优越的合理性。我国刑法应确立与贯彻实质的刑法解释论立场。     

税收之债的消灭时效

税收之债的消灭时效是税收债权消灭的重要原因,对于督促税收债权人及时行使债权、保护纳税人权利、建构稳定和谐的税收征纳关系具有重要意义。税收债权的消灭时效包括确定时效和征收时效两类,其内容涉及时效的性质、期间长度、期间起算、中断和中止、期间届满的法律效果等问题。我国税法对税收债权的消灭时效制度规定很不健全,应当借鉴他国立法例和国际经验,通过制定税收通则法等途径尽快予以完善。     

中国古代先问亲邻制度考析

田宅交易先问亲邻的制度在法律中出现始于后周时期,在宋元时期达到极盛。明清时期,国家律典对此不再作强制性规定,但在民间习惯中,先问亲邻的做法仍广泛存在。这一制度能最大限度地将土地保留在本宗族的内部,减小交易风险,并协调家族成员关系。它与现代民法中的优先购买权和相邻权等制度有密切的关系。     

不争执条款的反垄断法分析

知识产权许可协议中的不争执条款既有阻碍竞争的消极影响,也有其积极的一面。美国、日本、欧盟在认定不争执条款的效力时采用了基本相同的方法,即一般指导原则下的个案分析。它们运用一套以反垄断法为基础的具体规则,将宏观经济背景、技术发展水平、市场结构状态、权利质疑成本等因素类型化、具体化,主要依合理原则进行考量,协调知识产权政策和竞争政策的变化。我国应当甄别性地借鉴国外的成熟经验,不断完善不争执条款的立法和执法。