透视我国公民平等就业权的法律保护——以国际法与比较法为视角

保护公民平等就业的合法权益,是维护人权的基本要求。有效保护劳动者在就业中不受歧视,是世界各国都共同关注的重要问题。正是从这个角度出发,国际社会通过了一系列的公约,各国也分别建立了相应的法律制度,其中有很多先进的经验值得借鉴,在评析英、美、加拿大、日本等国的法律制度的基础上,对比我国的现状,提出一些措施,以健全我国相应的法制,更充分地保证我国公民平等的就业机会和权利。     

Allocating responsibility among controllers,processors, and “everything in between”: the definition of actors and roles in Directive 95/46/EC

In Opinion 1/2010, the Article 29 Data Protection Working Party has provided additional guidance concerning the concepts of ‘controller’ and ‘processor’ contained in Directive 95/46/EC. This guidance aims to assist practitioners in their determination of whether an entity is acting as a controller or as a processor towards a particular data processing operation. Despite the fact that this opinion is informative, the existing framework still appears to leave room for a considerable amount of legal uncertainty. This uncertainty is attributable in part to the nature of the existing concepts, but also (and perhaps to a larger extent) to their apparent misalignment with current processing realities. In this paper, the author seeks to articulate why the existing concepts often remain difficult to apply in practice, in order to enable a constructive reflection on how these issues might be addressed in the future.     

Voices heard and unheard – A Scandinavian perspective

Children's rights to participate in legal processes concerning them have been a key policy issue for the Scandinavian legislators during recent decades. From the 1980s, there have been frequent amendments to the law to secure the position of the child. Despite numerous provisions stating the right of the child to express his or her views and for these to be considered before decisions are taken, there are continuing obstacles to full recognition of children as legal subjects. Too often children's voices are not heard or not heeded. This article explores the reasons for this and argues that the ambition to promote equal parenthood is one reason for the failure to give the child's views real impact on decision-making in matters concerning children.     

The benefits of being defended: Perceived bystander participant roles and victims’ emotional and psychosocial adjustment

Despite a wealth of knowledge for factors predicting adolescent defending behaviors, it remains unknown about victims’ adjustment resulting from experiencing the presence of different bystander roles in a victimization episode. This study analyzed 209 Taiwanese adolescents’ reports of school-based peer victimization, perceived bystander actions in the event, and the victims’ emotional responses (e.g., happy, sad), emotional status following the episode (e.g., feeling better, worse), and psychosocial maladjustment (i.e., depression, loneliness, anxiety). Our results showed that bystander participant roles varied by victimization types and that defended victims adjusted better than nondefended victims both emotionally and psychologically. Moreover, adolescent victims who reported the presence of an outsider during the victimization experienced more complex and negative emotional responses than victims who reported the presence reinforcer or assistant of the bully. Implications for interventions and prevention are discussed.     

认罪认罚从宽制度中律师有效辩护的实现路径

律师的有效辩护是认罪认罚从宽程序得以正当运行的必要条件,是确保犯罪嫌疑人、被告人认罪认罚的自愿性,帮助其与检察机关进行量刑协商,为其争取最大限度量刑优惠的关键。然而在司法实践中,认罪认罚案件中律师的辩护效果不甚理想。为了实现律师在认罪认罚从宽程序中的有效辩护,需要厘清司法实践中律师有效辩护的现实阻碍,并结合认罪认罚从宽制度所特有的程序机制,通过适当转变律师的辩护策略、完善值班律师制度、建立控辩平等的量刑协商程序以及完善律师辩护权利的救济机制等措施,来推动实现律师在认罪认罚案件中的有效辩护。     

近代女性自我发展研究--基于家庭中心的演变过程的分析

中国传统社会要求女性以家庭为中心,围绕“父子轴”,努力扮演好贤妻良母的家庭角色,即女性的“三个自我”：女儿、妻子、母亲。近代西力东侵、西学东渐引起中国社会的变革,传统家庭运作模式以及两性社会分工和权力关系出现新的变化。这些刺激了传统女性走出家庭中心,家不再成为女性的场域边界和道德束缚。近代女性走出家庭中心有3种途径。近代以来女性在解放和发展历程中,走出传统家庭相对容易,走出以家庭为中心的传统角色难;摆脱对男性的依附容易,实现社会自立、人格独立难;拓展社会领域容易,维系公私领域中角色的平衡难。     

Actions Speak Louder than Words: A Behavioral Analysis of 183 Individuals Convicted for Terrorist Offenses in the United States from 1995 to 2012

Involvement in terrorism has traditionally been discussed in relatively simplistic ways with little effort spent on developing a deeper understanding of what involvement actually entails, and how it differs from person to person. In this paper, we present the results of a three‐year project focused on 183 individuals associated with the global jihadist movement who were convicted in the United States, for terrorist offenses, between 1995 and 2012. These data were developed by a large‐scale, open‐source data collection activity that involved a coding dictionary of more than 120 variables. We identify and explore the diversity of behaviors that constitute involvement in terrorism. We also compare lone actors and those who acted as part of a group, finding that lone actors differed from group‐based actors in key demographic attributes and were more likely to be involved in attack execution behaviors. Implications for counterterrorism are then discussed.     

论平等权权利冲突的理论问题

平等权权利冲突在我国目前屡见不鲜,是一个现实的急待探讨的问题。其表现在不同的权利主体、权利自身因素、不同法律价值诉求、立法与立法之间。而平等权是一个自创生的系统,由于平等权权利冲突导致其自创生力下降的原因是多方面的、是一种机制,所以,体制的完善、经济的全面发展、法律意识的提高和健康平等权心态就是平等权权利冲突的平衡路径。     

加快形成各种所有制经济平等竞争相互促进新格局

形成各种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进新格局是党的十七大在所有制问题上提出的一个新观念、新理论、新亮点。"新格局"最主要、最根本之"新",是彻底改变了对非公有制经济的认识、观念、政策和法律,进而彻底改变了非公有制经济在中国的命运。"新格局"有几个重要方面:一是形成各种所有制经济的新观念新理论,二是制定各种所有制经济的新法律新政策,三是确立各种所有制经济的新地位新作用,四是赋予各种所有制经济以新内涵新形式,五是带来各种所有制经济社会阶层的新变化新关系。     

男性研究对性别平等教育的意义

实现性别平等是男女双方共同的责任。父权制的性别文化对女性不公的同时也使男性受到了伤害。本文在探讨男性研究的兴起、定位与内涵以及性别平等教育相关概念的基础上,反思男性研究与性别平等教育的内在联系,指出男性研究视角在教育领域的介入,有利于推动性别平等教育的深入发展和开拓新的实践可能,如深化性别角色社会化研究,拓展性教育的多元文化取向,丰富与再现校园中的性别文化等。