欧盟国家保障两性平等参政法律制度研究

近10年来,随着权力机构性别失衡问题政治敏感性日益提高,欧盟一些国家开始运用法律以及法律之外的制度来平衡公共政治领域的性别比例。欧盟国家参政中对性别差异进行了法律调整,保障了两性平等参政。为了实现两性平等参政,在法律制度进行变革的同时,对相应的选举制度和政治体制进行改革。在适用配额制时,各国的具体情况是必须要考虑的因素,选举制度和配额制必须紧密配合,不能分割开来。     

相对所有权观念在所有权平等保护中的解释论应用

在近代私法上,绝对所有权中私的属性和社会属性是分裂的,而现代的相对所有权观念则认为所有权应该包括私的属性和社会属性。即在物权客体上往往是多重权利关系,不同权利人之间的关系协调是所有权本身应包含的内容。也就是说现代所有权应包含一定的社会属性,物权已经成为错综复杂的关系性结构,尤其是国家所有权和集体所有权。     

气候保护和环境正义——气候保护的国际法律框架和发展中国家的参与模式

气候保护国际法律框架的公正性是发展中国家积极参与国际气候保护合作的一个重要前提条件。"人均平等排放权"原则作为分配减排义务的原则在法律上符合正义原则。这一原则应作为评价发展中国家在未来的气候保护法律框架中应承担的义务模式的标准。     

对教育平等权的一些思考——以教育起步阶段的平等权为例

教育平等权是每个公民应当享有的权利,它作为一项基本权利,国家应当保障它的顺利实施,让每个公民不但在法律上享有这一权利,而且要真正的得到实现。一直以来,党和政府都非常重视教育问题,并多次强调要坚持把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位,努力办好让人民群众满意的教育;要"坚持教育优先发展,促进教育公平"。在我们大力呼吁教育平等权的同时,我们更应该注重起步阶段的教育平等。我国法律对于教育平等权的规定较晚,至今发展不过五十多年的历史,而对起步阶段的教育平等权的规定及其如何实现还有待进一步的思索。本文通过对我国法律在教育平等权方面的规定以及现存的问题予以探讨,希望从中找到出路,使我们的教育从起步阶段就能达到真正的平等。     

计算机在犯罪过程中的角色

目前,犯罪分子越来越多地利用计算机技术实施犯罪活动并逃避惩罚。通过对计算机在犯罪过程中及调查过程中角色的研究能够获得侦破的指导并从立法上完善来抑制犯罪。     

Role call: sex,gender roles,and intimate partner violence

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be viewed in gendered and heteronormative ways. Stanziani, Cox, and Coffey (2018, Adding insult to injury: Sex, sexual orientation, and juror decision-making in a case of intimate partner violence. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(10), 1325–1350) presented participants with a case of alleged IPV while manipulating the sex and sexual orientation of the aggressor/victim dyad. Results suggested participants view violence perpetrated by a man against a woman most abhorrently. The current study replicated and expanded that study, exploring how gender role beliefs influence participant decision-making. Female participants held more adverse attitudes towards IPV when a male assaulted a female. Further, participant gender role beliefs influenced decision-making. Specifically, males who endorsed higher levels of hegemonic masculinity perceived the crime to be less serious, while females who endorsed the same beliefs perceived the defendant as less likely to benefit from treatment. Overall, results suggest individual beliefs regarding gender roles and masculinity may influence their perceptions of IPV, regardless of the gender and sexual orientation of the aggressor and victim.     

试论统一战线在社会主义政治文明建设中的地位和作用

本文联系统战工作的实际,论述了统一战线与社会主义政治文明的关系;统一战线在社会主义政治文明建设中的地位、作用;以及统一战线为社会主义政治文明建设服务的途径、措施等,为在新时期进一步发挥统战优势,做好新时期爱国统一战线工作,为全面建设小康社会建言献策,拓宽了理论视野,丰富了工作内容.     

National trends in female arrests, 1960–1990: Assessment and recommendations for research

Trends in female criminality from 1960 to 1990 are examined. The main focus is UCR arrest statistics but other sources of evidence are also used. Major findings include the following: (1) relative to males, the profile of the female offender has not changed; and (2) the principal change in the female percentage of arrests involves the overall rise in property crime, especially minor thefts and frauds. The effects of broad-based legal and societal trends on female criminality are discussed and an agenda for research on the issue of female crime trends is proposed.     

Equal Contributions and Unequal Risks in a North-east Thai Village Funeral Society

Village funeral societies in north-east Thailand collect equal contributions from all participating households, even though some households are much more likely to experience deaths and receive money from the funeral society than others. The societies' use of the equal contributions rule is not an outcome of the asymmetric distribution of information on risks. It reflects, instead, an ambivalence over the relevance of expected returns, a willingness to subsidise fellow villagers, and the need to maximise simplicity and transparency to safeguard against mismanagement and corruption. The equal contributions rule is efficient, in that it leads to low administrative costs, has no clearly superior alternatives, and creates only minor adverse selection.     

权利平等是收入分配改革的长效工程

收入分配改革的命题不是简单的收入＂差距＂问题,而是人与人之间的收入＂公平＂问题。公平分配是以权利平等为依据的,有多少权利就能获得多少收入;权利决定收入,权利不平等则收入分配就不可能公平。收入差距与地区之间、行业之间、职业之间、级别之间的权利不平等直接对应;权利,在内容上按经济市场、公民社会以及政治国家三大领域归类,在结构上按归属权和行使权划分,则可以发现形式上平等而实质上不平等或者相反的特性。收入的公平分配,关键是从多方面保障人与人之间的权利平等。