The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Seventy: Rejuvenate or Retire?*

This lecture marks the seventieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) with an analysis of the Declaration's contemporary relevance. It considers whether, in today's turbulent and fractured political environment in which human rights abuses remain widespread, the UDHR still has a role to play. A case is made that the UDHR was, in fact, written precisely for a moment like now. The lecture starts by considering the important legal impact of the UDHR, whilst acknowledging that the legal enforcement of human rights sometimes overshadows the emotions of care and empathy that lie at the heart of both the Declaration and the whole concept of human rights. It then emphasises the significant role the UDHR has played in giving individuals a voice to hold states accountable. Finally, it explores the UDHR's ethical and inspirational vision that helped to create a baseline of norms and standards aimed at promoting diversity, mutual respect and peace. For all these reasons, the UDHR most certainly needs to be rejuvenated rather than retired.     

立宪共和之民初启蒙及反思

面对晚清政府的衰落,以孙中山为首的革命派以共和为旗帜成功开启了中国历史上的共和国时期,但民初共和国随后便偏离了共和的轨道。从阿伦特的共和与革命理论来看,立宪共和与现代革命休戚与共。辛亥革命的成功,从共和的角度来说,在一定程度上归因于革命和共和的交融,但之后的失败则在于未知共和之原理。从共和主义的当代发展走向来说,传统的人民主权观甚至宪法文本观受到了一定程度的批判或修正,人们关注的重心正转向动态的法治和制度运转。     

浅析中华民国卫生法制之得失

本文分别从立法和法律实施的角度评价了中华民国卫生法制之得失,指出了卫生立法上的三项显著成就与四点明显不足,及法律实施过程中的成效与不足。通过对中华民国三十八年卫生法制得失的深入分析,旨在为当今卫生法制建设提供历史参照。     

Towards a Realignment of the Mind: Compass Lecture,Commonwealth Club,London, 10 February 2011

Britain urgently needs a national conversation about the economic, political and moral predicament it now faces. It should start with the economic crisis of 2008–09. Keynesians and neoliberals alike still seek to return to pre‐crisis business as usual, albeit with modifications. But the untamed capitalism that came to grief in 2008 had three major flaws. First, it undermined the public domain of equity, citizenship and civic virtue, whose creation was one of the great achievements of the late‐nineteenth and early‐twentieth centuries, exposing it to invasion by the market domain. Second, it led to a remorseless rise in inequality of resources and life chances, rendering British society one of the most dysfunctional in Europe. Third, it encouraged the emergence of a debased form of democracy, best called ‘market populism’, that mocks the dream of political equality that lies at the heart of the democratic ideal. Yet growth points of a better society can be detected amidst the gloom. Informal institutions and social movements like London Citizens and the burgeoning environmental movement show that the notion of the public good is still alive. So do the survival of Edmund Burke's communitarianism in the conservative tradition, of John Stuart Mill's social liberalism in the liberal tradition and of ethical socialism in the social‐democratic tradition.     

体面劳动与尊严生活的伦理审视

体面劳动与尊严生活,是中国共产党执政为民理念的最新阐释,是我们党和政府对广大劳动者道德关爱和道德责任的重要体现。体面劳动与尊严生活是道德认知与道德情感的统一、道德意志与道德行为的统一以及道德人格与道德责任的统一。对体面劳动与尊严生活的伦理学解读,有助于从伦理层面正确认识党的执政为民理念,把握中国特色社会主义的本质要求,推动我国和谐社会的健康发展。     

论行政伦理两难的成因

行政伦理两难有直接成因和深层原因,而直接成因包括两类:客观原因(规范层面的、资源方面的)和主观原因(主体的主观能动性)。文章重点分析了不相容的规范竞合以及主观能动性原因。行政伦理两难的深层原因在于人类所欲求的各种价值和善之间并非如人们所期望的那样相辅相成、共生共长,相反,它们经常在终极层面存在难以调和的冲突。     

“思想道德修养与法律基础”课程高职特色探讨

"思想道德修养与法律基础"课作为高职院校一门重要的公共基础理论课,必须将高职理念贯穿和融入到课程改革和建设的过程之中,着力培育并凸现课程的高职特色。     

我国公共部门内部非正式机制运作分析

我国公共组织的内部运作受到正式权威制度与非正式制度双重力量驱动。其中非正式制度因官僚制非人格化在我国公共部门的反向表现、伦理中轴的政治文化、伦理结构构成的特殊的组织文化而使公共部门在伦理结构中运作。同时,公共部门在派系结构中运作,派系结构影响公共部门内的资源分配,形成实质上的利益结构,侵蚀了正式结构,并且派系结构随组织环境的变化不断再生产出来。     

在实践观的基础上建立与现代市场经济相适应的伦理文化

市场经济是一种奠基于一定的价值共识基础上的社会协调过程,它需要有与之相适应的主体间伦理原则做基础,而这种伦理原则需要相应的以价值合理性为基础的伦理文化来维系和支撑.中外思想家对主体间伦理进行了多种价值合理性的证明,为主体间的伦理文化提供了丰富的思想资源,但都没有为这种伦理文化找到真实的基础.马克思的实践观实现了人类思想史上的根本性变革,以崭新的思维方式为与市场经济相适应的主体间伦理文化找到了真实的基础.     

晚清至民国西部工商业和城市困顿探析

在中国近代工业的起步阶段，西部地区曾有一些企业较早创办，但除一二家企业勉强维持外，其余均昙花一现，相继停闭。除了自身因素，还因为中国近代企业的创办，主要不是基于中国自身的发展，而是得助于外来资金和技术的注入，而这是西部所明显欠缺的。同一时期，除了大宗出口商品长途运销外，西部省份的土产运销范围狭窄，商业发展和变革迟滞。与此相关，西部的城市化进程普遍滞后。缺乏近代城市对经济发展的促动和引领，是晚清至民国西部经济落后于东部的具体表现，也是这种落后长期延续的原因之一。