禁止双重危险原则的历史发展及其启示

禁止双重危险原则发轫于罗马法一事不再理原则,为许多国家的宪法或刑事诉讼法所规定,是现代刑事司法的一项基石原则。确立这一原则是基于以下价值理念:保护人权、防止错判、减少精神损害、维护既判力和促进侦查高效进行。这一原则在两个方面制约国家刑罚权的启动:一是对上诉的限制;二是对重新起诉的限制。但最近,这一原则有所松动。许多国家在立法上规定了这一原则例外的适用,或者通过法律委员会建议这一原则应有例外,允许在特殊情形下重审无罪裁决案件,或者允许检察官对无罪裁决提起上诉。这一变化对我国重构刑事再审制度具有积极的借鉴意义。     

信用证欺诈例外在我国的司法实践

本文通过介绍我国有关信用证欺诈例外制度方面相关法律,结合我国司法实践现状,对我国在审理有关信用证欺诈案件中存在的问题进行较为详细的分析,并提出改进建议,以完善我国在信用证例外制度方面的立法和司法。     

信用证欺诈例外原则探析

文章分析了欺诈例外原则的产生及其在美国、英国的立法和司法实践,重点探讨了欺诈例外原则适用中的几个具体问题,并认为我国应尽快完善欺诈例外原则的相关立法。     

数字图书馆的版权保护和版权例外

网络时代数字图书馆应运而生 ,相应的数字图书馆的版权保护问题也日益突出。文章阐述了数字作品的版权归属、版权保护力度的扩大、数字图书馆对版权保护的冲击、版权保护应有一定的限制 ,以及数字图书馆为了平衡版权人、图书馆、读者三方面的利益机制而常用的版权例外的各种具体方法。     

法律论证与裁判智慧

法律论证有效性需要依循特定语境,这决定了许多司法裁判实例中都体现出来某种直觉性反思。那么在面对普遍性原则与规范的对应时,发现例外情形表现为一种常态。例外指向的是一种关于规则与论证的可批判性与可反思性,应当给予法律人甚至当事人更多的创造力展现、创新性思维甚至直觉性反思的空间。正如关联原则要求的那样,裁判智慧的关键不仅在于裁决结论依循的原则的普遍性与抽象层次,还在于界分与借助不同原则与理念之间的关系。据此也应该确保规则对多种可能性的容纳。     

论国际投资争端解决中的自然遗产保护

随着经济全球化的发展,国际投资活动对自然遗产的保护构成了威胁和挑战。在认定东道国的限制行为是否构成征收时,应采用目的和纯粹效果相结合的标准。在争端解决方式上应当结合使用仲裁、调解等替代性争议解决方式。同时可以在投资协定中采用文化例外条款来免除东道国因保护自然遗产而产生的责任。     

The Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018: Updating the Federal Approach to Youth Involved,and At‐Risk of Becoming Involved,in the Juvenile Justice System

On December 21, 2018, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act was signed into law, marking the first update in 16 years to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended. The reforms reflect much of the knowledge that has been gained through research and science over the past decade and strengthen the Act’s core protections for youth in the juvenile justice system. The changes also expand the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s role in research, and technical assistance, and provide for additional oversight for related programs.     

A Review of: “Rebecca Knuth. Burning Books and Leveling Libraries. Extremist Violence and Cultural Destruction.”

In the 1970s, Western European countries were hit hard by terrorism, especially by international terrorism that crossed borders easily and allowed terrorists of different origins to carry out attacks against both governments and people. Consequently, the necessity of fighting this menace also extended to international organisations. This article looks at how the Council of Europe dealt with the issue, and assesses the negotiations that led to the Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism from the German perspective. West Germany was very interested in establishing a sounder international legal framework against terrorism and thought that the Council of Europe would be able to make an important contribution by abolishing the political offence exception that had so far been a core feature of most extradition treaties. This clause allowed political criminals to escape punishment by fleeing to a country that would deny extradition to a different country on the grounds of the political nature of the act committed by the person in question. The article gives an account and analysis of the complex negotiations that finally resulted in the adoption of the Convention in 1977, as well as of the problems encountered and compromises reached during these negotiations.     

论刑法用语的明确性与概括性——从刑事立法技术的角度切入

刑法规范既要按照罪刑法定原则的要求保持基本的明确性,又不得不保持一定的张力以适应社会生活的需要,这就要求其必须具有一定的概括性.在刑法用语的明确性和概括性之间如何保持平衡,对刑事立法技术提出了较高的要求.慎重设置兜底式规定,避免绝对确定和绝对不确定的法定刑,恰当对待刑法规范的例外规定等,有助于在刑事立法上实现上述平衡.与此同时,刑法用语也应该尽量避免粗糙、追求精致.