问责制执行力的影响因素分析——来自香港的经验与启示

执行力是问责制的生命，执行力的高低决定了问责制的作用效果。问责制的执行力与问责制本身的科学性、配套制度的契合度、问责制的执行环境三大因素紧密相关。香港在高官问责制执行力建设方面积累了丰富的经验，问责对象明确，问责主体多元，能及时完善配套制度，形成了浓厚的“问责文化”。这些对提高内地问责制执行力都有重要的启示：必须进行系统的制度创新，实现权责对等，增强人大、司法、媒体的外部问责，建立科学的绩效考评制度，推进政府信息公开，提高官员的法治意识和社会的法治水平。     

公证效力误区之辨析

将公证效力分为证据力、执行力和实体法效力这三大效力是恰当的,应予以坚持。我国奉行实质公证理念,公证书不须质证;公证的执行力对保证人应限制适用,对债权人的约束则是不得起诉,而作为公证执行力的启动环节,执行证书制度在理论和当前实践中都有正当化依据;法定公证和约定公证是某些法律行为的生效要件,我国应在不动产交易中引入公证前置程序,以维护和促进社会信用体系的良性运转。     

俄罗斯大部制改革及其评析

俄罗斯从2003年至2008年进行了一场以联邦权力执行机构大部制和行政三分制改革为核心内容的行政改革运动,这是俄罗斯自上世纪九十年代初转轨以来在政治和行政管理领域最重要的事件之一。本文运用中外最新的资料和数据全面、细致地描述了俄罗斯俄罗斯大部制改革的过程和制度安排,深入分析了改革的效果及其背后的原因,并结合我国的实际情况提出了推进大部制改革需要注意的几个问题。     

The mental health association and prevention

Summary

The history of the Mental Health Association's involvement in prevention is described. From its inception in 1909 the Association has played a key role in advocating for prevention. It contributed to the Child Guidance Center movement, the community mental health center movement, and helped focus the 1978 President's Commission on Mental Health on prevention. In recent years, it has served as the catalyst for the formation of a coalition of national organizations with an interest in prevention.     

Culture,Peers, and Delinquency

SUMMARY

A community-peer model of delinquency shows how family, school, and neighborhood variables affect adolescent peers groups, which then affect the likelihood of juvenile delinquency. The findings on culture and gender presented in the studies in this volume are discussed in relation to this model. Overall, the findings support the communitypeer model for males across the various cultural groups. Incarcerated females, however, attributed their delinquency more to family than to peers. Additional research is needed to clarify this difference. Implications for assessment, prevention, and intervention are discussed.     

简论消防行政处罚的主体

本文辨析了消防行政处罚主体与消防行政主体、消防行政处罚执行主体的关系,厘清了消防行政处罚的主体范围,以便各主体依法实施处罚。     

论上市公司高管薪酬的法律规制

上市公司高管薪酬机制中存在数额失控、市场竞争不能有效约束、董事会不能合理决定、高管薪酬和公司业绩不挂钩等突出问题,由此引发了民众不满、学者批评和政府行动。因此,市场机制、公司自治和行政干预方面采取的应对措施存在的不足。而上市公司高管薪酬问题兼具公共性与私有性,应合理划分公权干预与公司自治空间,完善上市公司治理结构,加强高管薪酬长期激励机制,完善相关披露制度,相机选择法律控制模式。     

The 'break enter and die' syndrome may involve significant injury to major neck vessels

Death from incised wounds of major vessels may occur during illegal entry of premises. Wounds are often relatively unimpressive having been caused by thin shards of glass. Alcohol and/or drugs have often been taken that have impaired coordination and contributed to a failure to take appropriate action. A 37-year-old man slipped and fell while attempting to enter a house through a window that he had just broken. He was found dead surrounded by a large amount of blood. At autopsy, a single horizontal, deeply incised wound of the anterior neck was present with transection of the internal jugular veins bilaterally and the right common carotid artery. Toxicological studies were negative for alcohol and common drugs. Death was due to exsanguination and air embolism. This case demonstrates that the injuries sustained during such activities may be quite extensive and involve major neck vessels. Alcohol and drug intoxication are not necessarily involved.     

财政监督与政府执行力——对《利马宣言》的扩展性解读

1977年,由最高审计机关国际组织大会通过的《利马宣言》明确表述了财政的系统监督主张。在这一主旨下,本文考察了分权制衡的权力体制中立法机构、行政部门的财政监督职责,描述并分析了广东省进行的财政绩效预算改革,从中引申出行政性预算改革对于整个绩效预算具有的重要作用和重大意义。最后,回归《利马宣言》对财政进行系统监督的精神宗旨,申述了建构系统的财政监督机制对于提高政府执行力所具有的价值。     

廉政制度执行力的影响因素及提升路径

党中央对反腐倡廉制度建设历来十分重视,构建了一整套系统全面的制度体系。然而在一些地方和部门的实际工作中,有禁不止、有令不行的现象依然屡见不鲜,腐败案件仍然居高不下。究其原因,很大程度上在于反腐倡廉制度缺乏有效的执行或者执行力不高,其主要表现为执行力上强下弱、层级递减,执行人员避难就易、见风使舵,并奉行“好人主义”和“实用主义”等。廉政制度执行力是一种综合的、系统的能力,执行者的心理态度、制度本身的科学性、制度执行的监督机制和制度执行的外部环境是影响廉政制度执行力的主要因素,且各因素之间相互影响,共同作用于廉政制度执行力。提高廉政制度的执行力,应积极营造具有良好执行意识的组织文化,健全科学完备的廉政制度体系,强化刚性约束的执行监督机制,培育具有制度意识的社会崇廉氛围,从而实现社会的廉洁善治。