刑事技术鉴定性质探究

刑事技术鉴定作为刑事诉讼程序中解决专门性问题的一项工作,因为司法实践中出现的种种问题而倍受关注。如何制定出体现法治精神和诉讼价值的刑事技术鉴定程序是刑事诉讼法修改工作的一个重要方面。刑事技术鉴定程序的完善以对刑事技术鉴定性质的正确认识为前提。刑事技术鉴定是刑事诉讼行为而非侦查行为,是鉴定人运用科学技术或者专门知识解决诉讼中所涉及的专门性问题,刑事技术鉴定是人的证据方法,鉴定结论是言词证据。     

Lacan, Science, and Law: Is the Ethnography of Scientism Psychoanalytic?

By adopting an idealized conception of the scientific enterprise, mirroring scientists' own self-conception, courts minimize the social and rhetorical aspects of science as ornamental, contingent, and eliminable. Lacan's reflections on science, and on the question of whether (or in what sense) psychoanalysis is scientific, parallel and enrich the efforts in science studies to show that the social and rhetorical aspects of science are co-productive, constitutive, and inevitable. Specifically, Lacan's identification of science as a discourse in denial of its subjectivity leads to a psychoanalytic re-orientation of ethnomethodology - an anthropological approach now favored in science studies. In the context of litigation involving scientific expertise, attorneys already assume, in their depositions and cross-examination, the role of ethnographers on foreign ground, but to the extent that the discourse of science replaces or dominates the discourse of law, legal ethnographers should also assume the role of analysts exploring the unconscious of science. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

BREAKING DOWN BUSINESS VALUATION: THE USE OF COURT‐APPOINTED BUSINESS APPRAISERS IN DIVORCE ACTIONS*

This Note advocates for greater reliance on court‐appointed business appraisers in divorce proceedings. After exploring the history of court‐appointed experts in American jurisprudence and addressing the specific problems that arise when valuing a business, this Note demonstrates how neutral business appraisers can assist courts in assessing a highly technical matter while simultaneously providing both courts and parties with an accurate, reliable source of information. The Note further provides suggestions for when the appointment of a neutral appraiser may be beneficial. The second section of this Note addresses technical matters that the court must deal with in selecting a reliable expert, including where the court derives its power to appoint a neutral expert, what standards the court should use in appointing the expert, and who should pay the cost of the expert's appointment.     

美国律师助理制度研究(上)--兼论对中国的启示

经过近50年的发展,律师助理已成为美国发展速度最快的行业之一.本文试从产生的制度背景、从业资格与工作内容等方面考察美国的律师助理制度,并兼论对中国的启示.     

TIPPINS AND WITTMANN ASKED THE WRONG QUESTION:

Tippins and Wittmann (2005) provide an important analysis of the limitations of child custody evaluations, but they are wrong to propose that court-appointed evaluators should be precluded from making recommendations about best interests decisions. While some of the evidence of evaluators may fail to meet the high standard of reliability expected for "expert evidence," the role of court-appointed evaluators in child-related cases is not the same as the role of party-retained experts in other types of litigation, and the legal basis for their involvement in the family law dispute resolution process is very different. The family courts should not apply the "expert evidence" standard when deciding how to use the evidence of a court-appointed evaluator, but rather should use a more flexible standard that takes account of the family law context. If the Tippins and Wittmann proposal is adopted, it will have negative implications for the resolution of family law cases, including making settlements less common, thereby deleteriously affecting children.     

论鉴定结论的证据能力

现代科技的发展带动了司法鉴定在刑事诉讼中的运用和扩大,鉴定结论的危险性与重要性的并存促使人们探寻对鉴定结论证据能力的规范。英美法系对专家证据的可采性强调对其依据方法的考察,大陆法系强调诉讼程序对鉴定结论的制度。在对两大法系鉴定结论证据能力进行详尽分析的基础上,笔者从鉴定人的适格性、鉴定的关联性、鉴定结论的可靠性、鉴定材料的合法性和鉴定的程序性要件上完善我国鉴定结论的证据能力。     

作为专家证人的语言学家在立法和司法活动中的价值

法学与语言学的日趋融合，法律语言学成为人们研究的热点，语言学家的价值也日益凸现在立法和司法活动中。从立法层面观之，法律语言学家的介入将使法律文本更能体现其应有的文体特征，有助于改变世界各国普遍存在的立法失范化状况；从司法实践层面而言，语言学家的介入，将有助于解决因法规、合同等法律文本的不同诠释而产生的争议，使司法活动更合乎正义性要求。建议我国法学界给予语言学家施展其专业才能的空间，以此肯定语言学家的地位和价值，这将有助于完善我国现有的专家证人制度，从而实现法学界和语言学界的“双赢”。     

知识产权案件专家协助制度研究

知识产权案件专家协助已成为诉讼实践一种制度,因其实践和立法存在一些问题,需要对我国的现状进行反思以及对域外知识产权案件专家协助制度与实践的考察、评价.构建我国知识产权案件专家协助制度,即解决知识产权纠纷的专家咨询协助制度、专家出庭协助制度和专家陪审协助制度,旨在为公正、科学地处理知识产权案件提供一些建议.     

刑事诉讼专家辅助人制度关键问题探讨

随着2013年《刑事诉讼法》的实施,我国正式确立了刑事诉讼领域的专家辅助人制度.专家辅助人制度虽然在民事诉讼领域已推行了13年,但实践经验乏善可陈,刑事诉讼领域的立法又过于原则,缺乏可操作性.因此,拟对刑事专家辅助人制度的几个关键问题进行讨论回应,以期对该制度在刑事诉讼中的顺利实施提供参考借鉴.首先讨论的是对鉴定意见审查质证的本质问题,其次是专家辅助人的功能及其遴选问题,第三是专家辅助人意见的属性及其管理问题.