德国警察制度简析

本文系统地介绍评述了德国的警察制度:分别从联邦与州两个层面着重讨论了德国警察机构的设立依据、组织原则、具体机构的管辖范围、管辖权限、人员组成、机构之间的相互关系,乃至警察机关与检察院等司法机关之间的关系等问题,并在适当的地方作了与我国相似机构的对比,最后对德国错综复杂的警察制度作了全局性的总结与分析。     

论刑事司法中公正与效率之均衡及途径

现代刑事司法中,公正与效率二者既相互统一,又时有冲突,如何求得二者之均衡,为刑事诉讼理论与实践所共同关注.辩诉交易,既能够有效地节约司法资源,提高诉讼效率,又能最大程度地保障公正价值的实现,是均衡公正与效率之最佳途径.引入辩诉交易制度,应为当今中国司法改革之必然选择.     

现代法的本体价值及其对我国民事立法的启示

在法的价值体系中,至为根本并决定其他价值者为法的本体价值.受现代社会整体文化结构、经济结构之决定,现代法的本体价值为个人自由与社会正义的统一,并与传统和后现代法的价值相区别.对我国民事立法而言,现代法的本体价值有助于我们克服价值迷失和主体误置之弊,坚持个人自由这一核心价值,切实贯彻私法自治原则,并注重社会正义价值,实现个人自由和社会正义的统一与和谐.     

论罗尔斯契约对功利的价值颠覆

罗尔斯依据原初状态,批判了功利主义的理论困难,肯定了精致契约论———“作为公平的正义”的合理性,实现了后者对前者的价值颠覆。这种颠覆对于我们今天的和谐社会建设仍有着积极的启示。     

Feminist criminology in an era of misogyny†

In this address I make the case for continuing to focus criminological research on gender, sexism, and racism within our lives and within our profession. I also provide a brief case study of a topic many would feel falls well outside our field: reproductive rights. Data are reviewed to reveal the impact of gender on the lives of women—notably the devaluation of work done by women, particularly if the work is deemed feminist. Afterward, recent data on the persistence of both sexism and racism in our field are reviewed. Despite gains made by women (notably in the membership of the field), the highest positions in our professional association are held by men, particularly by White men. Data on the importance of reproductive rights to women are then considered, notably the fact that nearly one third of women will need abortion services by the time they reach middle age. Finally, I review recent efforts by conservatives to recriminalize abortion, specifically through the passage of laws making abortion difficult to arrange, or even outlawing the provision of abortion services. These efforts directly involve the criminal justice system in the criminalization of women's bodies.     

Exploring the Impacts of Racial Disparity Within the American Juvenile Justice System

The racial disparity in the American juvenile justice system impacts the lives of many youth of color. Youth of color constitute 34% of the U.S. population, however, they make up 62% of the youth charged in the juvenile justice system. The cycle of racial inequality and imprisonment are factors influenced by residential segregation and policing practices. Juvenile justice involvement leads to poorer physical and mental health in youth, stymied social outcomes, poorer familial relationships, decreased graduation and employment rates, increased rates in violence, and long-term negative future outcomes. The article advocates for mental health treatment and family services to be incorporated within incarcerated settings. Clinical strategies and future direction are discussed to begin to combat these various adverse impacts.     

论司法培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观的机理与技术路径

司法与政治密不可分。法院必须根据其功能定位执行党的政策,为中国特色社会主义事业服务。最高人民法院将国家培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观的政策转化成司法规范性文件,各级法院审理案件时依据或参考这些文件确定当事人之间的权利义务,从而培育和弘扬核心价值观的要求。司法活动中,法官主要通过法律规范的选择、法律含义的确定、法律漏洞的填补等途径来培育和弘扬核心价值观。     

从通用化走向专门化:反思中国司法人工智能的运用

随着人工智能技术在司法领域的应用,相关研究的热度持续高涨,但仍需要探讨的是人工智能在司法实践中运用的实际情况:包括何种人工智能发挥了作用、作用何在以及为何会在有些方面产生效果而其它方面又效果不彰。总体而言,人工智能在中国司法实践中取得了一定的成效,主要体现在警务活动与司法辅助性活动中,但仍难称理想。小范围的成功是源于成熟通用人工智能技术的普适性适用,而大部分司法人工智能产品难以发挥作用是由于未结合专门司法需求展开,所投入的资金与人才资源远远不足。未来应当降低对于司法人工智能的盲目期待,将研发重心从通用领域转向司法专用领域,转变司法人工智能的投入模式,大力培养既懂法律又懂技术的专门化、复合型人才。     

论强制医疗案件的集中管辖——基于A市审判实践的观察和思考

在现行强制医疗司法实践中,由于各省(市)对肇祸的精神病人多采取集中医疗,而司法机关则分散于各区县,导致司法机关为节约司法成本而有意无意地缩略了部分诉讼程序,使得被强制医疗人及其法定代理人的诉讼权利和实体权利均受到侵害。为改变此种现状,应借鉴行政案件、知识产权案件和特殊刑事案件的集中管辖制度,建立与集中医疗相对应的集中管辖制度即将全省(市)的强制医疗案件集中到接受医疗地的司法机关管辖,从而实现司法资源优化配置,降低司法成本;强化诉讼权利保障,体现程序公正;实现同案同判,维护实体公正;实现效率提升,确保及时审判;实现专业化审判,确保案件质量。为确保特殊案件得以公正处理,应设置集中管辖的例外制度;为保障当事人及其法定代理人对集中管辖的异议权,应赋予其上诉权。