迈向方法论时代的价值法学——以实现社会公平正义为视角的分析

以社会公平正义等为研究核心的价值法学在我国取得了令人瞩目的成绩,俨然成为法学主流学术流派。但是,我国学者在研究价值法学的过程中,缺乏对实现价值的方法的探索。这样就出现了价值法学研究兴旺,但是个案公正却很难得到维护的矛盾现象。当代中国法治建设,不仅要关注以价值为基础的宏大叙事,更需要关注实现价值的方法。追寻实现法律价值的方法是开启价值之门的智慧之钥,也是实践价值意义的基本路径,更是反思价值之路的实用之道。要从政治的、经济的和法律的层面上寻找诸如社会公平正义之类价值实现的方法。     

论我国减刑、假释程序的重构

减刑、假释作为一项重要的行刑制度,是有效调动服刑人员认真接受改造、提高改造质量,使罪犯早日回归社会的重要的手段。但是,在当前运行的减刑、假释程序中存在监狱建议权侵蚀法院审判权、检察机关监督手段疲软、当事人诉讼参与权过少等弊端。针对现行减刑、假释中存在的问题,需要通过对相关法律的修改完善,重新构置减刑、假释程序,扩大减刑、假释运行的公开程度,加强检察机关监督力度,赋予当事人必要的诉讼参与权,来实现减刑、假释的公正。     

美国辩诉交易制度的争论

美国辩诉交易制度作为实践性很强的刑事诉讼制度,自产生以来就备受争议。对辩诉交易最有分量的批评集中在对这一制度是否违反宪法和社会正义体系上,伴随着这些批评,辩诉交易制度不断吸纳其中的合理成分,充实和完善自己。研究辩诉交易的争论,可以看到辩诉交易制度不断自我完善的轨迹。美国辩诉交易制度的争论对于我国能否引入这一制度也有重要的参考意义。     

Applying the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) to studies of mental health provision for juvenile offenders: a research note

The degree of reporting transparency in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is an important factor when the validity of any results is being considered. The use of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines has improved the reporting standards of RCTs in many healthcare journals, but these guidelines have yet to be adopted universally. In this study, we applied the CONSORT Statement to RCTs identified from a systematic review of mental health provisions for juvenile offenders. We assessed the number of CONSORT items reported in each trial and investigated the extent of endorsement by journal editors. The findings showed that some items were fully endorsed (e.g., the aim of the study) whereas other items, such as sample size estimations, were not presented in any of the trials. A minority of journals supported the use of the CONSORT Statement in their journals’ instructions for authors. The overall reporting standard for this sample of trials was, therefore, mixed. Comparisons with trials conducted in other disciplines are discussed, and suggestions for improving reporting standards are presented.

What does cost-benefit analysis add to decision making? Evidence from the criminal justice literature

This paper asks whether undertaking a cost-benefit analysis provides additional information to policy makers as compared to an analysis solely of the effect of an intervention. A literature review identified 106 evaluations of criminal justice interventions that reported both an effect size and measures of net benefit. Data on net benefit and effect size were extracted from these studies. We found that effect size is only weakly related to net benefits. The rank order of net benefits and effect size are minimally correlated. Furthermore, we found that the two analytic methods would yield opposing policy recommendations for more than one in four interventions. These bi-variate findings are supported by the results of multivariate models. However, further research is needed to verify the accuracy of the standard errors on net benefit estimates, so these models must be interpreted with caution.

司法特殊正义及其运作机制研究

随着当代中国社会冲突所呈现的新趋向,我国推进司法改革的价值理念发生了重要转向,开始关注司法特殊正义和司法运作机制的研究。前者要求司法过程中走出传统的一视同仁对待所有人的均码正义,转而关注特殊群体的司法特殊正义;后者从现有大规模的静态制度研究转向选择动态的司法运作机制作为研究进路,通过在纠纷处理过程的动态描述中介入化解冲突的深层机理,从而在根本上解决社会矛盾。这种司法论题的转向,生成了司法判决可接受性、司法多边主义、司法知识竞争、案例指导运作机制等新的问题意识。     

认真对待“赔礼道歉”

法律不仅应惩恶，更须扬善。赔礼道歉平复了受害人的愤恨，并在最大程度上修补了受害人的精神创伤；还使侵权人在内心获得了平静，亦在最大程度上修复了其因侵权行为而受损的道德评价；同时也有助于化解义愤，伸张正义，重树法律权威，解除可能要有的新冲突，因此法律应为这一深富道德意蕴的责任承担方式开辟道路。而否定赔礼道歉背后的价值取向显然是市场主导的，所以，我们应注意市场导向思维对民法制度设计和民法价值确定的影响，谨防市场规则在民法中的过渡膨胀，从而造成民法去道德化的恶果。     

一起被撤销仲裁案件的评述

仲裁因其"公正及时、程序简便、专家断案、一裁终局"的特点备受人们青睐,成为民商事纠纷的重要解决途径之一。然而,在仲裁事业迅速发展的过程中,却时有遭遇"半路夭折"的尴尬,在根基牢固的诉讼体系面前显得无能为力,本案仲裁员在遭遇如此尴尬之后反复深思,从法的基本理念与精神出发,指出目前我国法制体系中存在的缺陷,探讨为仲裁健康发展寻求出路。     

马克思收入分配公平观与我国收入分配关系的调整

目前,我国的收入分配已由过去的平均主义开始转向收入分配差距扩大阶段。如何坚持以马克思的收入分配公平理论为指导,正确处理我国现阶段的公平与效率的关系,已成为构建社会主义和谐社会的一个重要内容,也是中国特色社会主义的本质要求和具体体现。     

我国司法目标的构成要素及相互关系

公正高效权威的有机统一构成了我国社会主义司法制度的目标，如何从我国的国情出发，正确认识构成司法目标各要素的内涵及相互间的关系，对司法目标的实现至关重要。