程序正义的有限性——电影《马背上的法庭》观后感

目前在法学界都普遍接受了程序正义、程序至上的观点时,电影《马背上的法庭》所反映的事实却对此提出了质疑,在这里我们看到的更多的却是程序过剩,而对于此问题的出路并非在于舍弃程序而是要加强程序分流,同时完备程序设计上的不足。     

中国社会分配制度改革的经济法学分析

针对当前分配领域中存在的失范现象，学界提出了“机会公平”和“结果公平”两种矫治方案，但由于陷入过多的理论化、哲学化争论，缺少对其可实施的条件和制度改造的分析，难免流产。倘若换一条思路，基于“问题-解决”方案，从“市场-政府-社会”和“问题-原因-对策”框架切入，在尊重市场、政府和社会三种不同的分配原则前提下，将法律作为政策的工具来执行，通过构建市场、政府和社会之间相互协调补充的分配法体系，规范当前不同领域的分配失调行为，将有可能改善贫富差距过大现象.     

对女性主义"平等"理念的考察与反思

女性主义对平等理念的认识经历了由寻求普遍化视野下的同一性平等,到要求更为具体化的权力平等,再到诉诸正义视阈内的差异性平等这样一个渐进的过程.笔者借助于对平等理念的历史性演变的梳理,一方面透视和反思其中存在的问题,另一方面也意在彰显其理论价值和现实意义:从理论方面看,由普遍的道德意义上的平等权利诉求逐渐发展为正义视阈内的差异性平等的强调,体现了历史发展的必然逻辑,不但拓宽了平等研究的理论视野,而且开启了平等研究的多维面向,突显"平等"追求的现实化和理性化.     

刑事诉讼价值目标的转换与推证--一种法理学思考

刑事诉讼价值目标是立法群体对刑事诉讼法及其实现活动的基本期望,是关于刑事诉讼法的绝对超越指向的一般要求.一国刑事诉讼价值目标应与其社会现实基础相互动.当前,我国刑事诉讼价值目标顺应社会的变迁,在立法层面上已经发生了一定程度的转换,由实体正义趋向现实正义.但要在立法层面和司法层面上完全实现现实正义,还有赖于我国社会的进一步发展,尤其是社会生产关系和生产方式的进化、社会大众刑事诉讼价值观的更新和刑事司法制度体系的完善.     

Self-interest,distributive justice,and the income distribution: A theoretical fragment based on St. Anselm's postulate

The Mertonian starting idea for this paper is St. Anselm's idea that the will has two inclinations: an affection for what is to the person's own advantage and an affection for justice. We show that in decision-making situations, where the individual must choose a course of action from among a set of alternatives, the individual, subject to the two inclinations and thus guided by the twin considerations of own good and the common good as he/she forms the preference orderings for the alternatives, is in one of three states: (i) the state of Harmony, defined by perfect coincidence of the orderings induced by the two criteria; (ii) the state of Conflict, defined by perfect reversal of the orderings; and (iii) the state of Ambiguity, defined by ordering-pairs which are neither identical nor exactly opposite. The most general result states that if the number of alternatives is two, then the individual is in either Harmony or Conflict; if, however, the number of alternatives exceeds two, then Ambiguity is also a possible outcome. We then apply the framework to the case of choosing an income distribution, letting the own-good and common-good criteria dictate orderings based on personal outcomes (such as own income or own income rank) and social outcomes (such as mean income or income inequality), respectively, and examining the relation between the two orderings in five families of probability distributions. In the special case where own good is an increasing function of own income and the common good is a decreasing function of income inequality, our results show that each society has a group in Harmony (the poorest group) and one additional group, either in Conflict or in Ambiguity. Finally, we speculate about the behavioral and social implications of the three states and their configurations in the population.     

Employee concerns regarding self-managing work teams: A multidimensional justice perspective

The increase in the use of self-managing work teams in organizations has been accompanied by growing employee resistance and concern about what such dramatic changes mean to workers. Using an organizational justice perspective, this chapter identifies and examines employee concerns about the move to self-managing work teams in two Fortune 500 organizations. Employee fairness concerns regarding three types of justice—distributive, procedural, and interactional—are highlighted. Findings suggest that to address employee fairness concerns regarding the move to self-managing work teams, managers should act distributively, procedurally, and interactionally justly.[Self-managing work teams are] the right way and the only way to be productive.—Self-managing work team member in a Fortune 500 company     

COMPROMISED POLICE LEGITIMACY AS A PREDICTOR OF VIOLENT CRIME IN STRUCTURALLY DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES*

This study examined whether indicators of compromised police legitimacy explained variations in violent crime within New York City police precincts from 1975 to 1996. Integrating models of urban cultural attenuation and procedural justice, the study hypothesized that variations in patterns of police misconduct and over/under policing (the indicators of police legitimacy) would predict variations in violent crime rates of communities characterized by concentrated structural disadvantage. Using a panel design and controlling for the relevant ecology of crime factors and spatial autocorrelation, the study found that in communities characterized by high disadvantage, incidents of police misconduct predicted variations in violent crime; in communities characterized by extreme disadvantage, both indicators of compromised police legitimacy (misconduct and over policing) predicted variations in violent crime. The study found no significant relationships between the indicators of police legitimacy and violent crime in communities of low disadvantage. Findings support emerging arguments that emphasize the importance of formal institutions of social control in the most structurally disadvantaged communities (that is, those often subjected to cultural attention) and suggest implications for the ecology of crime model and police accountability.     

刑事和解的理论基础及其在我国的制度构想

平衡理论、叙说理论和恢复正义理论是当今西方刑事和解理论中流行的三种解说,其中恢复正义是刑事和解最重要的理论基础。在我国刑事司法领域中,并不存在严格意义的刑事和解制度。基于刑事和解在被害恢复与加害恢复方面的双重价值,应当对此制度进行合理化的借鉴。     

A Vigilante Model of Justice: Revenge,Reconciliation, Forgiveness,and Avoidance

Once a working relationship is damaged through an act of injustice, how do the victim and offender repair their relationship? What causes the victim to let go of the anger and resentment and then reconcile with the offender? We propose a theory that the likelihood of forgiveness and reconciliation is greatly enhanced, and revenge and avoidance greatly decreased, if justice is first served. That is, forgiveness follows justice; without justice, forgiveness is much less likely. Justice may be served one of three ways: (1) by the victim evening the score; (2) by the organization punishing the offender; or (3) by the offender repenting. We recommend that managers establish a procedurally just climate so that victims of offense seek distributive justice through formal channels rather than seeking it themselves through revenge.     

对法律规范结构的再认识

法律规范的结构是法学研究中的基础性问题。目前法学教科书中流行的三要素说或二要素说,远未能达到使人满意的程度,对该问题重新加以认识是非常必要的。从法律主体的角度讲,法律规范包括立法者、用法者和司法者三个主体,相应地包括三种行为模式、三重行为规范。每一法律规范都是用法者规范,立法者规范和司法者规范的三重叠加复合体。