Freedom,immigration, and adequate options

According to the freedom argument for open borders, immigration restrictions are generally unjust because these restrictions infringe on important freedoms, such as freedom of association and the economic liberties. Some authors have objected to the freedom argument by claiming that potential immigrants only have rights to sufficient options to live decent or autonomous lives and, consequently, states can permissibly prevent people from immigrating when potential immigrants have adequate options. This paper shows that this objection to the freedom argument for open borders is unsound and that restrictions on international freedom of movement can be morally impermissible even when potential immigrants have adequate options.     

The problem of past emissions and intergenerational debts

The problem of past emissions – how to share fairly the costs of climate-changing emissions caused by polluters who are no longer in existence – presents an increasingly pressing challenge to scholars and policy-makers. Since standard contribution-based principles are inapplicable when it comes to past emissions, theorists have instead proposed various non-contribution-based historical principles. This paper develops such a principle – the Inherited Debt Principle – which seeks to account for the intuition that historical injustice matters to current duties in a way that does not appeal to the counterfactual benefits derived from that injustice. This principle, it is argued, offers a surprisingly plausible solution to the problem of past emissions.     

Reframing the brain drain

Theorists concerned about the distributive effects of skilled emigration (‘brain drain’) often argue that its harmful effects can be justly mitigated by restricting emigration from sending countries or by limiting immigration opportunities to receiving countries. I raise moral and practical concerns against restricting the movement of skilled migrants and contend that conceptualizing the moral issue in these terms leads theorists to neglect the moral salience of institutions that determine the distributive effects of migration. Using an analogy to skilled migration in a domestic context, I argue for locating brain drain in a more holistic, institutional context that includes the reform of global institutions and of policies affecting migration.     

当今中国社会特征浅析——以社会理论为视角

我国正处于社会的转型期。目前,我国虽然已具备现代社会的一些特点,但还不能称得上是真正意义上的现代化国家。我国与现代化国家的差异性,折射出我们的国家和人民为了实现美丽的"中国梦"还任重而道远。     

裁判请求权的宪法保障

裁判请求权,是指公民在权利遭受到侵害或与他人发生纠纷时,所享有的请求司法机关予以公正审判的权利。每个人是否可以更容易的接近司法,并获得公正的裁判,业已成为衡量一国司法水平、法治实现程度的重要指标。权利能否得到及时的救济、纠纷能否得到有效的解决,关系着每个公民的基本权利及其他权利能否得到切实保障,同时也有助于维护国家的长治久安。将裁判请求权规定于宪法中加以保障,是国际社会的通行做法,也是我国法治建设的必然要求。     

引渡制度发展与反腐败国际合作前瞻

引渡是国际公法的主要制度之一,是国家间在相互尊重主权基础上展开的国际刑事司法合作。引渡理论精微渊深,一直以来与国际刑事司法合作实践的发展休戚相关,直接关系到国家主权权利的实现途径。以引渡实践为依托,对引渡理论特别是引渡诸原则进行历史梳理,同时结合反腐败国际合作的大背景,讨论引渡实践的困境和引渡替代措施的前景,对我国反腐败国际刑事合作实践将会大有裨益。     

法治 应该如此呵护——读《司法民主、公平正义与法官制度》

司法民主是我国司法改革的前进方向,人民陪审制度是我国实现司法民主的主要方式之一,应充分发挥陪审员源于民众,代表民众的优势。我国存在传统法律伦理精神与现代法治精神的冲突,导致现实中公平正义的法治精神缺失。为培育公平正义的法治精神,不仅要融合有益的传统法律伦理精神,还要加强现代法治精神的宣传教育。法官制度与司法民主与公平正义在逻辑上是紧密相连的。时下的法官制度有历史遗留问题,也有遴选与任免上的不尽科学等。完善法官制度要提高法官的准入资格,增强司法独立性,打破按照行政区划设置司法机关的局面等。     

生态文明视角下中国传统和谐法律文化的传承

生态问题是当今人类共同关心的世界性问题,环境的日益恶化迫使我们重新审视人与自然之间的关系,反思人类活动给自然带来的负面结果。中国传统的和谐法律文化中蕴涵着丰富的生态伦理内涵。发现“和谐”法律思想与生态文明建设的契合点,有助于我们在尊重自然、顺应自然中营造自由的生态氛围,在认识自然、利用自然中树立可持续发展的公平价值理念,在爱护自然、保护自然中塑造人与自然的良性发展秩序,以真正实现人与自然的新的和谐发展。     

论经济法理念的建构———以其对社会变革主流理念的突出体现为视角简

经济法的理念一方面应该对经济法理论发展和实践的开展起到重要作用,另一方面经济法应当是受同一理念影响的诸多法律部门中最为突出的一个,两个标准同时满足才能称为经济法理念。经济法的理念包括人本主义理念、社会本位理念、实质正义理念、可持续发展理念和适度干预理念五个有机部分,体现为本体论、价值论和认识论三个层次。     

庭前会议：从法理到实证的考察

为了促进集中审理的实现,2012年刑事诉讼法增设了庭前会议程序。从规范分析的视角可见,该程序主要处理与审判相关的程序性争议,具有证据开示、非法证据排除、争点整理、沟通说服、程序分流和调解和解等六项功能。庭前会议既为集中审理做准备,又间接过滤不当起诉,以保障人权。通过样本分析可见,某些地方的司法机关将庭前会议中的证据异议等同于法庭质证,赋予庭前会议以裁决效力,这反映出司法实务部门过度追求效率的倾向。庭前会议制度的生长,应当在程序法定原则之下,既尊重庭审的中心地位,保持庭前会议与庭审的平衡,又充分释放其功能和影响,实现效率的最大化。