当前我国教育资源配置的公平与效率

我国现阶段教育资源配置之所以作为问题而存在,主要原因是教育资源的有限性与稀缺性,其不能够为社会所有成员提供有效的供给,由此引发需求与供给之间的矛盾。这些问题主要是存在以下几个方面：教育资源配置过程中存在的公平与效率对比不均问题;教育资源配置结果中存在的公平与效率对比不均问题。要解决这些问题,就需要多方面地思考,教育资源配置中公平与效率的基本含义及其关系首先要搞清楚,在此基础上,作为制度供给主体的政府要在法律、教师待遇、学生待遇等各个方面予以支持。我国教育资源配置的公平与效率合理比例不仅是教育发展的要求,更是和谐社会发展的要求。     

Intramedia Mediation: The Cumulative and Complementary Effects of News Media Use

This study focuses on one often overlooked political communication-based media effect, intramedia mediation, and the indirect effects that stem from relationships that exist among various forms of media use. Data from a 2000 national Annenberg election panel survey are used to assess a series of relationships between television and newspaper public affairs use and how these forms of media consumption affect citizens' knowledge of presidential campaign endorsements. The indirect effects that stem from the relationships that exist among these two forms of media use reflect the cumulative and complementary functions of mass communication consumption across time. An analysis of intramedia mediation in coordination with the study of the direct effects of public affairs media use on this study's outcome variable produces substantially larger overall effects for both forms of news use. Thus, the study of intramedia mediation contributes to a better understanding of the full range of media influences on a given outcome variable over the course of a political campaign. Ramifications of these findings are outlined and future lines of research summarized.     

Developing a Tripartite Prevention Program for Impoverished Young Women Transitioning to Young Adulthood: Addressing Substance Use,HIV Risk,and Victimization by Intimate Partners

Little is known about the transition to adulthood for adolescent females and young women who are impoverished and homeless. Co-occurrence of drug use and abuse, HIV risk, and victimization is notable among homeless women, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions. Unfortunately, evidence-based prevention approaches addressing these inter-related problems among impoverished women transitioning into adulthood are lacking. To address this gap, we designed an innovative prevention program by utilizing open- and closed-ended interview data from impoverished women (n = 20), focus groups with community experts and providers (2 groups; n = 9), and a theoretical framework to direct the research. Information provided by our focus groups and interviews with women supported our theoretical framework and highlighted the importance of addressing normative information, providing skills training, and utilizing a non-confrontational approach when discussing these sensitive issues.     

Assessing the Health Behaviors of African American Emerging Adults

The purpose of this article was to assess the overall health behaviors of African American emerging adults who live in a Midwestern city. Two hundred participants, ages 18–25, completed a 129-item survey. Results indicate that African American emerging adults are engaged in relatively healthy behaviors (i.e., physical activity, low substance use). The results also showed that within the emerging adult developmental period, there are differences in behavior for those who are in the younger (18–20) versus those that are older (21–25) in the developmental period. Limitations, future research, and implications for practice will also be discussed.     

Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Substance-Using Women Entering Cook County Jail

In the United States, the number of incarcerated women continues to rise each year, with African American women having the highest incarceration rates. Many women enter prisons and jails with an extensive trauma history, though little is known about the percentage of these individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and specific trauma exposures they have had based on factors such as homelessness, degree of substance problems, and race. The present study examines a largely African American substance-using population of incarcerated women to determine the impact of various factors on specific traumas reported. We found that individuals reporting symptoms meeting criteria for PTSD had experienced the highest average number of traumas, and those who had ever been homeless also experienced many and varied trauma exposures compared with those who had never been homeless. Higher substance problems were also associated with more trauma exposure. Fewer than 10 percent of the sample met full criteria for PTSD, though those reporting having ever been homeless and those with higher substance problems were significantly more likely to meet all criteria. Results indicate a need to assess previous homelessness as a method for identifying additional trauma exposures and guiding treatment to women's specific needs and trauma profiles.     

在必然代替与必须利用的失衡中折翅——苏联解体的两制关系视角解读与反思

苏联在两制关系问题上长期处于一种失衡状态,斯大林时期片面强调必然代替而忽视必须利用,导致苏联社会主义建设艰难困苦,经济失力;戈尔巴乔夫时期,苏联在实践上滑入单纯注重必须利用而忽视必然代替的泥潭,这直接引发苏联上层建筑领域的波动,导致政治失向。中国特色社会主义建设必须深刻汲取苏联的教训,在必然代替与必须利用的平衡中壮大自身。     

关于挪用犯罪几个问题的思考

挪用特定款物罪是我国刑法最早规制的挪用犯罪,随着经济发达和社会进步,刑法规定了挪用公款罪和挪用资金罪.挪用公款和挪用资金罪都属于挪用类型的犯罪,两者主要区别是主体不同.国家工作人员为了个人使用目的而挪用特定款物的应当认定为挪用公款罪.从犯罪主体的重要性,即身份犯的原则出发,非国家工作人员挪用特定款物应该定为挪用资金罪.“挪用”一词在三个罪名中大同小异,挪用公款罪和挪用资金罪的显著特点是挪用的私利性和有归还的意思,而挪用特定款物则不具有私利性且不以有归还的意思为前提.     

对侦查取证的思考

侦查取证是指侦查机关及侦查人员在办理案件的过程中,发现、固定、收集证据的行为。它是正确处理案件的必经阶段和基本前提。目前我国的侦查取证还存在着法律依据粗疏、观念落后、取证程序和手段非法治化等问题。为了实现司法公正和保护人民、打击犯罪的目标,侦查取证必须注意客观性、合法性、结论的唯一性、遵守直接言词原则和传闻证据规则等。     

Conflict Assessment in Energy Infrastructure Siting: Prospects for Consensus Building in the Northern Pass Transmission Line Project

As energy demand grows rapidly worldwide, power line infrastructure will continue to be a major development planning challenge. This study considers the environmental conflict that has arisen over a transnational transmission line project between Canada and the United States. A qualitative conflict assessment is presented to define the parameters for consensus that could prevent protracted litigation between stakeholders. Proactively designing a process to encourage consensus building during the early development phase remains the most critical determinant of compromise. In this article, we argue that in this case a consensus‐building effort could be feasible if certain design requirements were met, including gaining the participation of key stakeholders, paying attention to trust, and focusing on the issues specific to this transmission line rather than to a larger energy discussion. The research shows that despite potential pitfalls, reaching more widely accepted and ecologically sensitive solutions to environmental conflicts through participatory and collaborative approaches is possible and worth the effort.     

贵州苗族芦笙文化初探

芦笙文化是苗族世代沿袭下来的一种具有典型意义的古老文化.在贵州苗族地区的社会生活中,芦笙是一种多功能的文化复合体.在祭祀活动中,它是祭器也是法师;在社会教育中,它是件具有语义性的教化工具,在文化生活中,是一件不可或缺的乐器,它以历史赋予的特殊身份和多种功能,作用于苗族社会生活中的各个领域,并为当今贵州苗族地区的文化、旅游服务.