学会利用图书馆是当代大学生必备的能力

大学生必须学会培养自己获取知识和信息的能力,掌握使用图书馆必要知识和技能,了解图书馆的整体情况和具体运作是掌握打开知识宝库的钥匙;大学生学会有效利用图书馆来扩充、更新知识,有利于完善组建大学生个性发展的知识结构。     

北美城市规划决策对我国城市建设的启示——以加拿大城市和土地使用规划决策听证为视角

国外城市规划管理一般都比较注重社会参与和全民参与,并通过立法和机构设置保障全民监督的实施。加拿大行政决策公众参与听证被广泛用于公共管理事务以获取来自专家和公众的信息,对我国城市和土地使用规划不无启示。我国不可能完全模仿法制成熟国家的做法,但增加一些公众权利保障的立法规定和管理措施是非常必要的。     

论海域使用权流转制度的完善——以《海域使用管理法》修订为视角

海域所有权归属于国家,是构建海域使用权流转制度的前提条件。完善海域使用权流转制度具有极其重要的现实意义。《海域使用管理法》对海域使用权流转制度的规定存在诸多不足,如没有规定海域使用权的出租、抵押和出资等问题,因此需要对该法进行修订,使之与《物权法》相协调。     

从使用武力法看保护的责任理论

保护的责任是21世纪初国际上出现的新理论。将该理论中的军事干涉因素与《联合国宪章》关于使用武力的规定进行比较,观察近10年来国际社会的有关实践,可以认为该理论并未在国际法上改变现行的使用武力法规则,国际社会对该理论中军事干涉问题并未形成共识。现阶段对以军事手段实施保护责任应持谨慎态度。     

Temporal analysis of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in wastewater to estimate community drug use*

Abstract: Indirect estimation methods of cocaine consumption may not reflect the real extent of cocaine use. Another approach is sewage epidemiology. This direct approach is based on analysis of a stable cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), in wastewater. Influent to the Lubbock (Texas) Water Reclamation Plant was sampled twice a week to assess weekly variations in estimates of cocaine consumption over a 5‐month period. BE was extracted from influent wastewater samples using solid phase extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations of BE were converted to cocaine equivalents; the estimated average daily consumption of cocaine during the study period was 1152 ± 147 g. Based on BE concentrations and sewage epidemiology, higher cocaine consumption was observed on weekends compared to weekdays (p < 0.0003). This method was effective in monitoring BE in wastewater and could be used to complement survey data in estimating cocaine use at a local level.     

A U.N. Convention to Regulate PMSCs?

Abstract

In the last 20 years the ruthless competition for natural resources, political instability, armed conflicts, and the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have paved the way for private military and security companies (PMSCs) to operate in areas which were until recently the preserve of the state. PMSCs, less regulated than the toy industry, commit grave human rights violations with impunity. The United Nations has elaborated an international binding instrument to regulate their activities but the opposition of the U.S., U.K., and other Western governments—and from PMSCs, which prefer self-regulation—have prevented any advancement.     

金融资源公平配置与金融监管法律制度的完善

金融资源观的提出为法学研究提供了新视角。目前我国城市与农村之间、不同所有制经济体之间金融资源配置严重不均衡,已经影响了社会公平。赶超战略下的金融监管制度设计偏差是金融资源配置失衡的重要原因。为实现金融资源配置的公平,需要构建包容性的金融监管法律制度,具体包括包容的金融市场准入制度和公平的金融市场退出制度。     

非法证据为何难以有效排除——兼及中国非法证据排除的未来

既往的研究太多从非法证据排除规则粗疏这一制度层面解释非法证据难以有效排除的原因,但这并不充分。从结果层面而言,非法证据没有被排除在很大程度上意味着被采纳。对非法证据难以有效排除的研究必须深入解析法官采纳非法证据的内在原因。法官证据运用的形式主义化、刑法的主观主义倾向以及司法实务部门对证明力规则的过度追求等因素,是诱发法官采纳非法证据的重要原因,并由此造成了非法证据难以有效排除。在非法证据排除的问题上,我们不能仅限于非法证据排除规则的完善,还需将证据信息的供给、刑事实体法的调整、证明方法的转换以及证据能力规则的建设等均纳入视野。     

从安徽城乡居民收入现状看未来收入分配公平走向

城乡居民收入分配不公是老百姓普遍关注的热门话题。多年来党和政府也采取了一系列调控措施。但收效甚微。安徽城乡、区域、行业之间收入差距扩大趋势仍未根本扭转。故此,只有通过分析现状。从体制、制度层面、改革配套措施和政府主导作用等方面来全面阐述如何缩小城乡居民的收入分配差距。才能提出相对公平的解决对策,即安徽城乡收入分配“一次分配要兼顾公平和效率;二次分配要更加注重公平”;三次分配注重社会责任,既要“结果公平”、“过程公平”,更要“机会公平”。努力在“十二五”期间,实现安徽城乡居民的收入分配走向相对公平。     

Correctional officers and the use of force as an organizational behavior

During the past 30 years, bureaucratic managerialism has reshaped how prison staff maintain order. Policies and graduated disciplinary models have replaced coercive methods, reducing disciplinary use of force by prison staff against incarcerated people. Managerialism, however, disguises deep problems in the interpretation and enforcement of use-of-force policies. Drawing on 131 semistructured interviews with Canadian correctional officers (COs), I show how managers and prison staff interpret and negotiate policies to justify using force to maintain order. Although COs frame policies and management supervision as significant checks on their actions, they also suggest that inconsistencies in policy interpretation and implementation facilitate certain kinds of use-of-force decisions, which I define as “construction” and “outsourcing.” I conclude by discussing the broader organizational implications of these findings.