优化我国行政生态系统浅论

行政生态系统由行政系统和行政生态环境两大系统构成。从目前我国的情况看,我国行政系统和行政生态环境均存在着不和谐因素。构建和谐行政,必须以行政生态学理论为指导,树立人本理念,加强行政主体建设,改革行政体制,完善行政机制,调整行政政策,健全行政法规,优化行政生态环境。     

中国特色的城市化：历史变迁、影响因素及道路选择

提高城市化水平是提升中国经济竞争力的基础，也是实现经济增长的关键。该文首先简要论述了中国城市发展的历史变迁，然后分析了影响城市化进程的几个关键因素：交通运输条件的改善、工业化水平的提高、农业的充分发展和资源布局，最后初步探索了中国特色的城市化道路选择：发展城市要以资源为依托。     

影响美沙酮维持治疗效果的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响美沙酮维持治疗时间及效果的相关因素。方法:研究对象为329名在我院美沙酮维持门诊治疗的海洛因依赖者。根据其在维持治疗门诊中服药时间的长短分为4组。Ⅰ组为服药时间不足3个月退出治疗者124人;Ⅱ组为服药时间超过3个月但不足6个月治疗者52人;Ⅲ组为服药时间超过6个月,但不足1a治疗者76人;Ⅳ组为服药时间超过1a治疗者77人。比较4组海洛因依赖者间的社会人口学特征、药物依赖及治疗剂量等影响美沙酮维持治疗等因素的差别。结果:Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比较,文化程度、职业、婚姻、社会支持系统差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组年龄相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较,初吸年龄、吸毒时间、吸毒频率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);吸毒方式(单纯注射)、多药物滥用的Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组比较,有非常显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。首次吸毒原因各组间无差异(P>0.05),既往脱毒次数Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。服用美沙酮剂量与维持治疗时间呈高度正相关(P<0.01),药物剂量、治疗期间服药不稳定的Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较,P<0.05;Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组比较,P<0.01,差异均有统计学意义。结论:年轻的单身、无业、文化程度低、无家人支持、多药物滥用和维持剂量不足是影响美沙酮维持治疗依从性的危险因素。临床上对影响维持治疗的危险因素进行甄别,并采取相应的干预措施,能有效提高美沙酮维持治疗效果。     

A Rationale and Method for Examining Reasons for Linkages Among Adolescent Risk Behaviors

A large volume of research has investigated interrelations among adolescent risk behaviors. Although several theoretical accounts have been proposed, researchers have not directly examined hypotheses for why risk behaviors are linked. In the present paper, a distinction is drawn between predictive factors that explain variance in risk behaviors and “linkage factors” which may provide an explanation for why risk behaviors are interrelated. The relevance of linkage factors to risk behavior research, theory, and practice is described. Further, a simple to use and easy to interpret analytic technique for exploring linkage-related issues is illustrated. Using this technique, hypotheses regarding the role of predictors in explaining linkages among risk behaviors can be tested directly. The proposed line of inquiry will provide valuable input for intervention efforts and theoretically relevant information concerning linkages among adolescent risk behaviors. Research Associate at the Brock Research Institute for Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. He received his M.A. in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Dakota. His major research interests are adolescent risk behavior involvement and youth activity involvement as a context for positive development. Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from the University of Waterloo. Her major research interests include adolescent risk taking and resilience, including academic underachievement and media/technology influences on lifestyle choices and learning. Assistant Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Brock University. Her major research interests are adolescent risk-behavior involvement, particularly related to gambling, and risk and resilience.     

和谐社会视野下的刑事检察监督

刑事检察监督权是检察机关法律监督权的重要组成部分,在构建社会主义和谐社会中发挥极其重要的作用。然而现行立法及实践中出现的诸多不和谐因素,制约着刑事检察工作的发展。因此,改革和完善刑事检察监督权,既是构建和谐社会、充分发挥司法效能的关键,又是刑事检察研究中的重大的理论和现实问题。     

传统考文化在当前和谐家庭建设中的现实意义

中国孝文化历经几千年,具有十分丰富的内涵。然而,孝文化在当今社会却未得到足够的体现和弘扬。于此,文章拟从分析中国孝文化教育在当今社会缺失的现象入手,探讨和分析如何在中国传统孝文化和当代家庭道德建设中寻找一个契合点,希望籍此获得解决当前家庭道德建设问题的良方。     

两种分配方式相结合的经济运行

市场化的按劳分配具有四个鲜明特点:劳动计量市场化、分配主体企业化、工资形成市场化、政府对工资的调控宏观化。按生产要素分配必须首先把不同生产要素的不同使用价值抛开,使它们在质上等同,而利率机制在企业调节并实现剩余价值分配中发挥着重要作用。两种分配方式相结合需要有相应的配套工程。     

NOT (QUITE) A HORSE AND CARRIAGE

This note critically interrogates the Civil Partnership Act 2004. Through an examination of the legislative background and some of the provisions of the Act, it is argued that civil partnership mirrors a marriage model with some exceptions. In creating this new legal status, the legislation also exacerbates the exclusion of some relationship forms from dominant legal norms. It should be understood as part of an agenda for social inclusion, rather than as radical social change.     

Psychosocial Resources in First-Year University Students: The Role of Identity Processes and Social Relationships

The investigation involved the assessment of a model predicting that family and university relationship environments are linked with identity processes and identity states (statuses) that predict psychosocial resources among first-year university students. A sample of 351 university students, between the ages of 18 and 21 years, completed measures of psychosocial maturity based on Erikson's notions of ego virtues, a measure of identity processing styles (diffuse-avoidant, normative, and information styles), identity statuses (diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement), measures of family climate (conflict, expression, cohesion), and assessments of university relationships with faculty, advisors, and students. Based on linear structural equations, the model, with some adjustments, had a good fit with the data and demonstrates the complex association between perceived family and school climate, identity formation, and the association with psychosocial resources. The investigation demonstrates how multivariate model testing can be completed to assess some of the complexity suggested by Erik Erikson regarding identity formation. Gerald R Adams is a Professor of Family Relations and Human Development at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. His major interests focus on family relations, identity development, education, and prevention. Michael Berzonsky is Professor of Psychology at State University of New York at Cortland, New York. His major interests are identity styles, social cognition, and adolescent development. Leo Keating is a data analyst at the University of Guelph.     

土地适度规模经营：问题与对策

土地适度规模经营是我国农业发展的客观要求。但当前农村土地产权关系不清、土地流转中制度的不完善和操作的不规范、富余劳动力转移的障碍以及社会服务和保障体系的欠缺等因素,制约了土地适度规模经营的发展。因此,应完善土地产权关系,规范和促进土地流转,积极转移农村劳动力,健全农村社会服务和保障体系,以努力推进和规范土地适度规模经营。