Guidelines in Child and Youth Care Family Work

SUMMARY

There are many paths that can be taken with the families we encounter in our work. It is this richness in options that can make the child and youth care approach so powerful. However, amongst each potential path there are a number of common guideposts that serve as markers for our interactions with families. These guiding principles are described through the use of examples from a family in a program for teens who are parenting.     

“Making It”: Understanding Adolescent Resilience in Two Informal Settlements (Slums) in Nairobi,Kenya

Many adolescents living in contexts characterized by adversity achieve positive outcomes. We adopt a protection–risk conceptual framework to examine resilience (academic achievement, civic participation, and avoidance of risk behaviors) among 1,722 never-married 12–19 year olds living in two Kenyan urban slums. We find stronger associations between explanatory factors and resilience among older (15–19 years) than younger (12–14 years) adolescents. Models for prosocial behavior and models for antisocial behavior emerge as key predictors of resilience. Further accumulation of evidence on risk and protective factors is needed to inform interventions to promote positive outcomes among youth situated in an ecology of adversity.     

Translocal family reproduction and agrarian change in China: a new analytical framework

ABSTRACT

This paper advances a new framework for analysing agrarian change in rural China and elsewhere in developing Asia, which centres on translocal family reproduction. The framework highlights the crucial connections between rural families’ translocal strategies for meeting reproductive (especially care) needs, their changing aspirations for reproduction, and other aspects of agrarian change, including de-peasantisation, de-agrarianisation and social differentiation. In developing this framework, the paper refers to a village case study in central China and draws on a critique of the ‘livelihoods perspective’ on agrarian change, approaches focusing on ‘global householding’, and the cultural reproduction of class and gender.     

隐私的历史考察和思考

隐私是一个动态、发展的概念,其内容不是一成不变的,而是随着社会政治、经济、文化的发展和人们隐私意识的提高,其内涵不断丰富,外延不断扩展。政治上,公私领域的划分是其存在和发展的前提;经济上,生产力和科学技术的发展为其存在和发展提供了物质基础;心理上,人们对本能、自我保护和自我实现的需要为其存在和发展创造了动力;文化上,不同的文化传统使其存在和发展更具多样性。隐私是一种事实状态,不等同于隐私权的客体,更不等同于隐私权。     

婚姻关系的法理阐释——重读马克思《论离婚法草案》而感发

科学揭示婚姻关系的本质属性是婚姻立法与司法的理论前提。马克思在《论离婚法草案》中指明了婚姻关系乃是世俗社会的伦理关系 ,它的外在表现形式便是家庭这一“伦理实体” ;婚姻法律制度则是婚姻这种基本伦理关系的承认与保护。由婚姻关系的伦理本质所决定 ,关于离婚的立法原则应当以现实社会的普遍伦理价值为标准 ,并具体化为离婚成立的诸种客观条件 ,从而使司法在离婚案件上的功能更多地由立法来承担。     

On the Human- Orientated Factors in Grotius＇ Legal Right Thoughts

格老秀斯法权思想是人类思想的精华代表。作为国际法的奠基人,格老秀斯法权思想包含自然法、国际法和万民法内容,为17世纪之后世界秩序的构建制定了法律框架。格老秀斯代表作《战争与和平法》和《海洋自由论》即已凸显了法律的人本化因素。本文通过探讨格老秀斯法权思想中的自然法和国际法理论,分析格老秀斯法权思想中所表现的人道主义、正义、自由、道德和普世主义等人本化因素的内容,为当前中国社会的转型提供参考。     

百年鱼塭：清代东石蔡氏在台湾的鱼塭经营

清代台湾南部的鱼塭经营是台湾史研究一个比较薄弱的环节。本文利用晋江东石蔡氏的家族文献，结合地方史志以及田野调查等资料，对清代东石蔡氏在台湾布袋嘴的鱼塭经营进行纵向考察，同时就此个案反映出的股权经营形式进行探讨。文章认为，清代台湾的鱼塭经营有多种股权形式，一种为长期合股经营，另一种是在此基础上演变出来的更为复杂的股权形式，如蔡氏经营的北中横塭就有塭底份（大税）、韫佃份（小税）、现耕塭份，以及承包者再行转髅的堤份等。这些不同层面的权力，既与土地经营有某种关联或类似性，同时也有自身的特点。     

对精神控制者及其家庭提供心理支持的思考

被破坏性膜拜团体精神控制受害者的心理成长工作，在西方国家被一些学者称为“脱教”，这个过程是一个人心理成长的重要阶段。成长是人一生的课题，一个人的成长必须靠自身的觉醒和努力，拒绝成长单靠外界的压力，是很难实现成长的。因此，这是一项涉及许多方面、非常艰难的工作。这里仅从完善家庭支持系统与被破坏性膜拜团体精神控制受害者的心理成长的角度提出我们的一些看法。     

Integration of the Family Therapy Specialist into Public School Pupil Personnel Services

SUMMARY

The integration of a full-time family counseling specialist into the Pupil Personnel Service (PPS) Team of the modern public school is described. The roles of the present specialists are delineated as well as the problems inherent within the present Pupil Personnel Services Team. Inclusion of a family counseling specialist on the PPS Team would help schools avoid the antagonist position they find themselves in when a family opposes their suggestions and interventions. In such cases, the PPS Team attempts to wrest control of the case from the parents which subjugates the family, limiting the family's inherent resilience and strength. The family comes to resent the PPS Team, seeing them as blameful and controlling. Conversely, the PPS Team comes to resent the family, claiming it is “dysfunctional” in some way and using diagnostic labels to satisfy themselves that their “expert” actions are justified. This antagonist position in the schools arises more out of fear of litigation than good case management. We propose a new integration of family system and school system. Creation of a family counseling specialist who is highly trained in systems, narrative and structural/strategic family therapy could ameliorate this antagonist problem. Numerous functions for such a new specialty are listed as well as suggestions for including this member into PPS Team work.