一种新的经济张力——伦理道德与经济相融合

伦理精神作为一种中介,它有可能使非经济因素的伦理道德转化为一种特殊的经济因素。伦理精神激励社会和个人的潜能,促使社会和个人将伦理信念转化为社会经济发展的实际行动,使道德成为一种实践性的伦理,实现非经济因素转化为经济因素。     

行政荣誉机制的三重功能

行政荣誉机制具有三个层次的功能 :以道德评价的形式 ,通过对公务员个体进行道德激励和利益激励 ,促使个人有充分的道德自觉 ,促成完整人格的最终完成 :具有提高行政组织效率、增强行政组织的凝聚力、促进廉洁政府目标的实现、提升政府形象的功能 ;对社会 ,具有导向、示范的功能 ,并能最大限度地增进公共利益。     

戒律、家规、国法与中国古代社会的秩序调控

中国古代社会在寻求自己的秩序调控方式过程中,基于自身文化环境的特点,形成了以宗教戒律为个体层、以家规为宗族层、以国法为社会层的独特社会秩序调控系统。它具备多层次、强渗透、全方位的特性,为古代社会秩序的长期和谐稳定带来了基于制度而又超越制度的有力保障。     

警察机关干预家庭暴力法律问题的几点思考

我国现有的警察机关干预家庭暴力的法律法规存在着重事后处置,忽视事前预防,重行政、刑事处罚,忽视民事责任承担等问题,因此,必须予以完善。应充分运用好现有的授权性规范,强化警察机关干预家庭暴力的责任意识;协调相关立法,增强可操作性;处理好隐私权与知情权、公力救济与当事人救济申请主动权之间的关系。     

“三个代表”、公共利益与政府改革

本文认为,“三个代表”思想的核心和归宿是代表最广大人民群众的根本利益问题,即公共利益。为实现这个目标,中国共产党作为执政党,通过公共财政、公共政策和公共管理等一系列公共机构的公共服务,政府行为是公共服务的载体,去实现公共利益。最大程度地表达和实现公共利益,是政府行政伦理的根本问题,而完成这个行政伦理的关键,是保证政府行为与公共利益的互动关系。政府改革正是建立和调整这一互动机制的动态变革过程。     

CRITIQUE OF CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS BY THE LEGAL PROFESSION

This study explored the congruency between child custody evaluations and the needs of the legal profession. One hundred twenty-one judges and attorneys were surveyed. In general, both groups expressed similar attitudes and beliefs. Findings indicated that court-ordered evaluations were most useful, and objectivity was paramount. Judges and attorneys also expressed a need for improvements in child custody reports, particularly greater child focus, provision of custody and visitation recommendations, discussion of legal criteria, and timely completion of evaluations. It is hoped that the findings will inform professional practice and help evaluators better serve the needs of the family court.     

Exposure to Family Violence in Young At-Risk Children: A Longitudinal Look at the Effects of Victimization and Witnessed Physical and Psychological Aggression

This study examines the contribution of specific types of family violence exposure (e.g., victim vs. witness; physical vs. psychological) to aggressive and anxious/depressed problem behaviors in young (i.e., 6-year-old) at-risk children. This multisite prospective study of 682 children from four different regions of the country asked mothers and their 6-year-old children to report on violence exposure in their families. After controlling for mother reports of child problem behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist at Age 4, it was found that subsequent exposure to family violence predicted reported problem behaviors at Age 6. Although mothers' report of child victimization predicted subsequent problem behaviors, witnessed violence was related to these problems only when both mothers and children reported its occurrence. The results of this study suggest that even though there was a relationship between witnessed and directly experienced family violence, both had independent, noninteractive effects on subsequent behavior problems.     

A multivariate investigation of dating aggression

This study investigated the following variables for their unique and combined contributions to dating aggression: exposure to aggression in the family of origin (witnessing interparental aggression or being the victim of aggressive parenting); attitudes justifying dating aggression (when humiliated or in selfdefense); child-to-parent aggression; child sexual abuse; violent sexual victimization; alcohol use; and socioeconomic status. One hundred and eleven male and 179 female undergraduates reported on their own aggressive behaviors directed toward dating partners. Together, the predictor variables accounted for 41% of the variance in male-to-female aggression but only 16% of the female-to-male aggression. Humiliation, as a justification for dating aggression, contributes to the prediction of both males' and females' dating aggression, while self-defense, although a highly endorsed condition for justifying dating aggression, does not predict actual aggressive behavior. Exposure to interparental aggression plus the product between exposure and humiliation contribute to the prediction of males' dating aggression but exposure does not play a role in females' dating aggression. Violent sexual victimization contributes unique variance to both males' and females' dating aggression. The present data highlight the importance of examining specific circumstances under which males and females justify dating aggression and how such attitudes condoning aggression affect actual behaviors.     

Childhood Abusive and Supportive Experiences, Inter-Parental Violence, and Parental Alcohol Use: Prediction of Young Adult Depressive Symptoms and Aggression

Issues in both the children of alcoholics and child abuse literatures were addressed in an attempt to disentangle the effects on young adults of growing up in alcoholic homes versus abusive homes. Using multiple regression, retrospective reports of parental abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) and parental support (love/support, independence, and fairness), witnessing violence between parents, and parental alcohol use were used as predictor variables for outcomes noted by both literatures. When the effects of all other predictors were statistically controlled, parental alcohol use was not significantly related to depressive symptoms or aggression. Different abusive and supportive behaviors, depending on sex of parent and sex of participant, were significant predictors of both depression and aggression. Results underscore the importance of including and controlling for inter-parental violence and for different types of child abuse (especially emotional abuse) and parental supportive behaviors in investigations of outcomes related to abusive and alcoholic families. Implications for treatment of individuals from these families are discussed.     

中国农村养老方式的理性选择——现代家庭养老与社会养老相结合

社会养老是适应时代发展和社会变化的养老方式,但也有其局限性。所以,未来中国农村养老模式应该是:传统家庭养老内容经过更新的现代家庭养老与社会养老为核心的养老方式的结合。