论思想道德建设在构建和谐社会中的价值定位

思想道德建设在调节人们的行为、化解各种矛盾和维护社会公平方面发挥积极的作用,是构建和谐社会的重要精神力量。文章试从精神层面解析道德建设与和谐社会的有机结合,并进一步探求和谐社会中道德建设需要把握的基本向度。     

经济利他主义：市场经济的伦理向度之一

现代经济学把利己主义作为市场经济伦理的唯一向度。但在现实中,特别是在组织化行为中,诸如企业内部的协作等关系中包含着经济利他主义的伦理要求。由于利己主义在意识形态和学术规范两个方面被绝对化、夸大化,导致了经济利他主义作为客观存在的伦理向度之一被人为地遮蔽。随着生产方式的日益社会化以及利己主义的危害性日渐突出,人们已经意识到它的作用和意义。诺贝尔经济奖获得者阿玛蒂亚·森呼吁伦理学回归经济学,标志着经济利他主义的复兴。为了免于人们对现代市场经济单向度的理解或误读,本文以马克思的历史和逻辑相统一的方法,对此作扼要的分析。     

家庭暴力的构成及对策

家庭暴力是发生在家庭成员间的侵害对方身体、性和精神的伤害行为。针对已成为社会问题的家庭暴力 ,我们应采取如下对策 :强化婚姻家庭领域道德与法律的共同调控功能 ;尽快制定有关制止家庭暴力的专门性法律 ;扩大社会支持 ,预防和制止家庭暴力     

中国少数民族传统家庭中夫妻关系模式的比较研究

本文运用跨文化的比较研究方法 ,对中国少数民族传统父系家庭、母系家庭和母系父系并存家庭中夫妻的权利与地位进行比较研究。认为在父权家长制家庭中 ,男尊女卑的社会性别歧视表现在家庭生活的诸多方面。但部分父系家庭在特定条件下也有妻子当家长 ,拥有较多家政权 ,掌握经济权利 ,以及男女平等的现象。在母系家庭中普遍是妇女当家长 ,并在家庭中占有较高的地位。而在母系父系并存家庭中 ,则夫妻均可担任家长 ,家庭关系比较平等。文章最后分析了影响不同少数民族传统家庭中夫妻关系模式的多种因素 ,并对某些西方学者认为的单一经济因素作用论提出了批评     

Secondary Precarity in Asia: Family Vulnerability in an Age of Unfree Labour

ABSTRACT

Scholarly discussions of precarious work have identified and analysed the conditions and structures that produce precarity, the contextual nuances that characterise worker relations across a range of sites and sectors and the possibilities of resistance by the precariat. In these studies, workers are often discussed with inadequate attention to their social embeddedness. Taking workers’ embeddedness in social relations and norms as a starting point for analysis, this article explores a secondary aspect of precarity amongst families of exploited workers. This aspect is analysed according to three registers of vulnerability and risk: economic (household and livelihood), intimate (anxiety and negative emotional relations) and physical (mobility and movement). The article outlines this framework through a case study of trafficked fishers and their families from Cambodia and the Philippines. Human trafficking is an extreme form of precarious labour, characterised by unfreedom and hyper-exploitation. The article contributes to the understanding of the trafficking of migrant fishers, which has not seen rigorous academic documentation and is relatively poorly understood in comparison to other forms of trafficking.     

Family Representative Payeeship and Violence Risk in Severe Mental Illness

Although representative payeeship is prevalent among people with mental illness and shows promise to positively influence clinically relevant outcomes, research also suggests this legal mechanism could be implemented in ways that are problematic. The current study examined whether family representative payeeship was associated with elevated risk of family violence perpetrated by persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Data were collected every 4 months for 1 year in structured interviews with N = 245 persons with SMI who received disability benefits. Multivariate analyses showed that substance abuse, history of violence, frequency of family contact, and family representative payeeship were associated with elevated odds of family violence. Analyses also showed family contact and family representative payeeship had a cumulative effect on increasing the predicted probability of family violence (controlling for covariates such as violence history and substance abuse). The data shed light on the potential for family representative payeeship to be associated with increased risk of interpersonal conflict and violence in SMI.     

伦理道德中的“君臣关系”与职务犯罪

市场经济的运行体制使人与人之间形成了以交换为手段,以获取最大利益为目的的交往形式。现阶段,由于上层建筑与经济基础的不相适应,导致官员手中权力过大并且缺乏有效的制约机制,掌权者利用手中的职权来交换财富,导致腐败滋生。而传统儒家伦理道德中的"君臣关系"的陈腐理念使得为官者完全脱离人民群众,丧失了共产党人全心全意为人民服务的宗旨。     

未成年人犯罪与家庭环境关系的调查与分析

近期的调查结果表明,未成年人犯罪出现低龄化、团伙化、手段成人化、类型多样化等特点,而家庭环境不良或监督、教育方法不当,是导致未成年人犯罪的一个重要因素。以下五种类型的家庭容易对未成年人产生不良影响:(1)残缺型家庭;(2)教育和抚养方式不良型家庭;(3)家庭条件优越和"经济运行不良"型家庭;(4)父母行为不良型家庭;(5)知识结构不良型家庭。由于家庭与未成年人的天然关系,家庭教育对未成年人较之学校、社会更直接、更有效、更重要,父母的教育态度、行为方式和成长环境对未成年人人格的发展有着决定性影响。     

Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

论“三个代表”与政府官员行政道德

"三个代表"重要思想体现了强烈的问题意识和危机意识,是对共产党执政合法必的理性思考的结果,也是对共产党中掌握公共权力的政府迷惘员的行政行为提出的法律和道德的要求,是对传统行政方式和西方行政方式的现实超越,将对中国政治文明的走向发生深远的影响.