The PCL-R and violent recidivism in a prospective follow-up of a nationwide sample of female offenders

Psychopathy has been linked to violent reoffending in men, but the findings in women have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) for violent recidivism in a nationwide sample of female violent offenders. The offenders (n = 48) had been assessed by the PCL-R and were followed after their release from prison or a psychiatric hospital. The average follow-up period was 8 years. Of the offenders, 16 (33%) had been reconvicted of a violent crime. Current findings of the performance indicators did not support the use of the PCL-R as a predictive instrument assessing risk of violent recidivism in females. The findings indicate that impulsivity plays a crucial role in female violent recidivism and that the PCL-R should be used with caution in risk assessment with female populations.     

出走与归来——从易卜生与王尔德戏剧中出走女性的译介看"五四"女权话语的多样性

"五四"时期对易卜生与王尔德戏剧的译介进入了高潮,针对其中离家出走和试图出走的女性的探讨,成为"五四"女权话语的重要内涵。出走的娜拉被奉为女性解放的最高象征,但并不能解决女性出走后所面临的重重困难,作品中那些"归来"并实现觉醒的女性亦得到读者相当的认可,并被作为解决女性盲目出走、身陷困境的一种选择,显示出"五四"语境在出走风潮之下,对女性解放的多元思考和接受。翻译作为一种文化建构力量,推动了中国女权话语的发展。     

我国女性休闲研究现状与展望--基于CNKI 2005～2014年文献的内容分析

基于CNKI 2005～2014年度数据,采用内容分析法和文献计量法,在文献数量、文献引文情况、文献研究主题、采用的研究方法、期刊影响力、研究作者、主要研究机构等8个方面总结评价我国女性休闲研究的基本情况及其局限后发现,未来的研究应该从以下几方面多视角地透视女性休闲问题：拓宽女性休闲研究领域;采用多元化的方法和手段研究女性休闲问题;加强女性休闲领域的实证研究,加强同妇女维权组织的合作等,以进一步深化女性休闲研究。     

两组对立的女性形象

夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《维莱特》通过女主人公露西·斯诺的心智成长过程表现了十九世纪父权文化下尴尬的女性本位。行文中,作者选取了两幅主题截然相反的油画画像即疯狂的演员与隐忍的修女,用两组对立的非现实生活中的女性形象来象征男权制度下被压抑的、歪曲了女性生存的绝对权利,并借此作为露西对女性自我价值进行甄别、判断的参照物。     

Mental Health Among Incarcerated Women: An Examination of Factors Impacting Depression and PTSD Symptomology

Female offenders experience mental health symptoms at a higher rate than male offenders and females in the community. The current study investigated individual characteristics and experiences that may impact symptoms of depressive disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of female inmates in a large Southern prison system. Results showed high rates of reported childhood and adult victimization experiences among the sample. Factors such as seeking mental health treatment prior to incarceration significantly impacted the reporting of depressive and PTSD symptoms, as did victimization histories. Findings suggest that women would benefit from screening to identify mental health needs at the onset of incarceration as well as gender responsive needs assessment and programming to address histories of victimization and current mental health symptomatology.     

Aggressive hybristophilia in men and the affect of a female serial killer

A case is presented of hybristophilia – attraction and sexual arousal to the criminal acts of another – in men which, to date, is a phenomenon that has not been documented. A sexually motivated female serial killer recruited the help of three male accomplices to aid her in her crimes and avoid police detection. The men became enthralled by the killer, falling ‘under her spell’, and willingly aided her, in varying degrees, in locating and disposing of victims. The behaviour of those men is explored here and the scant literature base on hybristophilia is expanded.     

Measuring and explaining the marriage boom in the developed world

Using aggregated data from 25 developed countries over a lengthy period of time, this article presents a measure of the marriage boom observed in the twentieth century and an explanation for its causes. One of my main conclusions is that even though it basically developed after the Second World War, its origins are to be found before it. I found that, contrary to the views of some scholars, this boom was not a short-lived phenomenon, but actually lasted for 90 years on average. Using panel data analysis techniques, I am able to show that the rise in women’s education, state spending on social benefits, and larger percentages of people employed in the primary sector tended to discourage marriage. I also found a quadratic relationship between the nuptiality index and the per capita income and mortality rates.     

Gender targets and trickle-down effects: Avoiding the ‘decoupling dynamics’ that limit female representation in senior roles

Women constitute the majority of the Australian public sector workforce, but their representation in senior roles is not proportional. Australian public services have gender targets to improve the representation of women in senior roles. Based on previous research, targets are expected to first increase female representation at the target's focal level, such as executive level. Then they should initiate a trickle-down effect (TDE), increasing female representation at the level immediately below the target's focal level, such as the executive feeder level. However, the TDE observed in a state public service decelerated after a gender target was imposed. We identified whether individual departments had a consistent or inconsistent TDE and conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. Too many service-wide targets with low prioritisation of a gender target, as well as missing and ineffective practices, generated decoupling dynamics. Only departments with gender champions who had visible backing from the Chief Executive were able to keep the gender target coupled with practice to achieve its intended outcomes.

Points for practitioners

• Gender targets in Australian public services may not be achieving intended outcomes due to decoupling—a response to policies in which the policies are ignored and/or ineffective practices are implemented.
• Too many competing targets and limited accountability for achieving a gender target create a potential for decoupling by allowing individuals and groups to ignore or weakly adopt the policy.
• Integrated bundles of top-down (e.g. requiring at least two women on shortlists) and bottom-up practices (e.g. mentoring) can help avoid decoupling by ensuring women are appointed to senior roles and supported to progress through an organisation.
• Chief Executives are key to ensuring a gender target remains coupled with its implementation; Chief Executives must provide visible support to internal champions to make gender targets effective.