Economics and the Practice of Human Action： The Legacy of the Austrian School

Economics is the youngest of all sciences. Its task is to identify the secondary consequences, but it requires a perception of general consequences, including effects which are brought by an implemented or proposed economic policy not only to a certain special interests in short periods of time but also to a general interest for long periods, which somewhat contradicts the assumptions of many economic doctrines. Thus, the current state of economics or management science is difficult to be called autonomic. Economists ＂have opened＂ the domain previously reserved for ＂hard indicators＂ on the human aspects of the assessment of effectiveness. What is more, the discovery of regularity in the sequence and independence of market phenomena, in particular, a markdown role of the ＂invisible hand of the market＂ and ＂government interventionism＂ put into question the validity of the dogmas of traditional British or American schools, as a consequence of the operation of schools with the teaching of economics. This paper is the attempt to show the failure of the most popular scientific economical schools, including neoclassical ones in the area of human performance, comparing with Austrian School principles.     

现场处置较大规模暴恐案件行动方法探究

现场处置较大规模暴恐案件的行动方法,广义上也称之为战法。不同的暴恐案件,现场处置所采用的行动方法自然也有所不同。在总结以往相似案件处置行动成功经验和借鉴国内外理论著述观点的基础上,把现场处置较大规模暴恐案件的行动归纳为包围封控、侦察判断、攻心劝降、突击抓捕、救生救援等五种方法。     

行政法治必须解决的一个关键问题--论对抽象行政行为的监督

本文讨论的基本命题是:对抽象行政行为合法性的有效监督是行政法治必须解决的一个关键问题.针对长时期以来我国抽象行政行为领域所表现出来的监督缺陷,本文认为应该寻求根本的、长效的机制来解决问题,提出和论证了在进一步开展原有立法监督和行政监督制度资源的同时,引入司法审查机制,即将我国司法审查的范围扩大至非法源性抽象行政行为的领域,并在理论上分析了引入这一制度的必要性和可行性.     

Analysis of Internet Financial Criminal Risk Under the Environment of Financial Repression

Financial repression causes two conflicting forces in the financial market: one is the constraining force that upgrades the behaviors violating the financial control to crime and the other one is the resistance force in which the microcosmic body of the market maximizes the profit and eliminate or remove the external financial repression. The collision of the two forces in the Internet financial market causes criminal risk with the feature that the state licensed “legitimate business” operated by business entities violates the criminal law and the business entities makes use of the Internet financial platform to commit crime. Under the practical background of financial repression and encouraging financial innovation, the state on the governing level should follow the path of handling Internet financial criminal risk that efforts should be made to take the behaviors of legitimate Internet financial business with risk out of the range of “crime” and tighten the crime circle of the Internet financial innovation.     

神经束内微电极记录家兔心电信号的实验研究

目的:采用神经束内微电极记录家兔心交感神经电信号,探讨不同状态下家兔心交感神经束内的电活动。方法:将特制铂铱合金微电极在16倍手术显微镜下植入心交感神经束内,用Biopac生物信号采集系统记录神经电信号,同时接入SKY-A4生物信号处理系统进行统计分析。比较正常状态下与心肌缺血时家兔心交感神经电信号的变化。结果:心交感神经电信号可持续记录,心肌缺血时心交感神经放电较正常时明显增强(P<0.01),微电极记录能很好反映神经束内电活动的变化。结论:神经束内微电极可稳定记录心交感神经电信号,能较好反映神经束内电活动的变化。     

不可操作的行政法规范研究

行政法规范的可操作与否是行政法能否得以有效适用的大前提。不可操作的行政法规范是指那些在立法上存有缺陷,诸如有前因无后果、有后果无前因、有质的规定而无量的规定、不能独行而无促行规则、设定条件过多无法满足条件、可选方案混乱致无法选择等的行政法规范。从理论上讲,不可操作的行政法规范可以通过立法技术予以完善;从实践上讲,不可操作的行政法规范只能通过行政执法环节予以补救。     

论我国民事诉讼法的未来发展

2012年8月,全国人大常委会审议通过了新《民事诉讼法》。新法从基本原则到具体制度对民事诉讼及纠纷解决机制做了较大的修订和补充,这是近年来我国民事司法改革取得的重大成就之一,也是我国民事诉讼法现代化转向的一次努力。此次修法顺应了诉权保障宪法化和国际化的趋势,是“接近正义”理念在司法改革过程中的具体体现。为更有效地保障民众“获得公正审判的权利”,今后的民事司法改革应更加注重设计的整体性与统筹性,从而实现司法各要素全方位的变革。将“诉权保障”确立为民事诉讼法的最高目标,不但是完善立法的必备基础,也是公正司法的当务之急。     

Exclusivity of citizens’ initiatives: Fuel for collective action?

ABSTRACT

Self-organized citizens’ initiatives are a form of collective action and contribute to society through the production of public goods and services. Traditional collective action theory predicts that such initiatives are near impossible because of the persistent problems of free-riding. Citizens’ initiatives however do exist and function properly, and their numbers seem to be increasing in countries such as the Netherlands. This article argues that free-riding problems can be overcome when some form of exclusivity is arranged in citizens’ initiatives. We assume that citizens’ initiatives use active and/or passive strategies to limit free-riding behaviour. Using three illustrative cases, our research shows that position rules, boundary rules, and authority rules are used in a subtle and often implicit way to differentiate the level of influence and authority between the more and the less committed members, enabling collective action. Such rules, though advantageous, may be paradoxical to the goals of the citizens’ initiatives and can undermine the virtues associated with them.     

The Panglossian politics of the geoclique

ABSTRACT

Solar radiation management (SRM) – a form of geoengineering – creates a risk of ‘termination shock’. If SRM was to be stopped abruptly then temperatures could rise very rapidly with catastrophic impacts. Two prominent geoengineering researchers have recently argued that the risk of termination shock could be minimised through the adoption of ‘relatively simple’ policies. This paper shows their arguments to be premised on heroically optimistic assumptions about the prospects for global cooperation and sustained trust in an SRM deployment scenario. The paper argues that worst-case scenarios are the right place to start in thinking about the governance of SRM.     

A call for critical reflection on the localisation agenda in humanitarian action

Abstract

Calls for a greater inclusion of local actors have featured for some time in debates on how to make humanitarian action more efficient and address unequal power relations within the humanitarian system. Though the localisation agenda is at the core of current reform efforts in the humanitarian sector, the debate lacks a critical discussion of underlying assumptions – most strikingly, the very conceptualisation of the local itself. It is argued that the current discourse is dominated by a problematic conceptualisation of the local in binary opposition to the international, leading to blind spots in the analysis of exclusionary practices of the humanitarian sector. As such the localisation agenda risks perpetuating the very issues it wants to redress. A critical localism is thus proposed as a framework for much needed research on the localisation agenda.