Rebels without a Cause? The Irish Referendum on the Lisbon Treaty

The Irish referendum on the Lisbon Treaty follows a pattern of class-voting also seen in the 2005 referendums on the European Constitution. However, the poll differed in other respects. Polling in the wake of the vote suggested that the main reason given for voting no was a lack of knowledge about the treaty (22 per cent of no voters holding that view). A further 40 per cent of the voters voted no because they claimed not to understand the Treaty. This is in contrast to referendums in 2005 in Spain and the Netherlands where, respectively 70 and 51 per cent, of those with a self confessed 'very limited ' knowledge of the Constitution voted yes.     

论对抽象行政行为的司法审查

抽象行政行为的司法审查即是司法机关对行政机关制定行政规范性文件的行为所进行的监督。从具体案例入手。介绍抽象行政行为司法审查的内涵,探讨司法审查的必要性及可行性,以及如何建立适合我国国情的对抽象行政行为的司法审查制度,有利于制度构建相关建议的提出。     

刑法中的构成行为与实行行为关系刍议

构成行为是对犯罪构成客观方面行为的抽象性把握,具有高度的抽象性;实行行为是指符合刑法分则所规定的构成要件的行为。实行行为基于其“实行性”这一独具特性,使得它在一个犯罪构成中具有唯一性的特点。构成行为是对犯罪构成客观方面行为的高度抽象,它在外观上表现为具体的危害行为,从静态角度揭示出了构成行为的社会政冶意义。而实行行为作为基本构成行为的同一概念,从动态角度揭示出了构成行为的动态犯罪性。     

浅谈建立刑事被害人国家刑事补偿制度

我国《刑事诉讼法》第77条规定．“被害人由于被告人的犯罪行为而遭受物质损失,在刑事诉讼过程中,有权提起附带民事诉讼。”在司法实践中,依法提起附带民事诉讼的被害人数量不少,然而获得实际赔偿的比例却不高。由于受到被告人赔偿能力的限制,有的被害人获得的金额极小,与其所受的巨大损失形成强烈反差。有的被害人甚至是空持判决书,实际分文未获,这种情况在群死群伤的恶性案件中尤为突出。因此,建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度已迫在眉睫。     

我国金融诈骗犯罪的现状与对策

近年来,包括我国在内的世界各国的金融欺诈案件迅速增加、损失日益加剧,伴随着我国改革开放的发展,金融领域内的欺诈犯罪行为也在蔓延,且呈迅速上升之势。可以说,金融诈骗已成为当前我国经济犯罪活动中危害最大的犯罪类型之一。为了打击金融犯罪、保护国家和人民群众的财产权益、维护金融秩序、保护国家经济安全,应注重相关的立法与执法、协调各方面的力量、共同打击金融诈骗犯罪,从而有效遏制金融诈骗犯罪的产生和蔓延。     

Social Impact Bonds: Implementation,Evaluation, and Monitoring

Traditional approaches to public policy increasingly fail to resolve social challenges, particularly in the field of criminal justice. High rates of juvenile recidivism, for example, are often linked to inequality in education and persistent, long-term unemployment—factors which, while complex, are nonetheless conducive to preventative strategies.

Social impact bonds (SIBs) are “pay-for-success” programs that attract private-sector, upfront funding for social interventions. If the program achieves agreed targets, taxpayer funds repay the investor. If the program fails to meet agreed targets, investors take the loss.

This innovative form of social finance through public–private partnership has helped spur efficiencies and improvements in the provision and outcomes of criminal justice services. However, the success of a SIB depends on careful implementation, evaluation, and monitoring.     

The Bottom Line: The Fundamental Weaknesses of Latin American Finance

Throughout the 1980s, Latin America experimented with financial liberalisation, which was supposed to solve the perpetual weaknesses of low savings, lack of access to capital, and the resulting stultifying effects on growth. We find that fundamental weaknesses in regional financial systems continue. We suggest that there are three basic policy reactions: a deepening of neoliberal policies; a neo‐structural reform of them; and a Bolivarian social reform‐oriented approach. While the neo‐structural approach has yielded the most promising performance, it is still limited. We conclude that the success of reforms lies in understanding and changing the calculations of the political beneficiaries of the status quo.     

行动视角下的社区应急管理策略与韧性机制建设：以杭州市杨柳郡社区为例

社区治理当前面临风险情境的挑战，因此需要加强社区应急管理体系以应对各类风险的冲击。居民有效参与是应对风险的重要因素，但已有研究主要从物质、制度和规范角度分析社区的应急体系建设，而较少讨论何种应急管理策略可以形塑恰当的社会环境以构建个体韧性，激活主体力量。对此本文结合行动系统理论，构建了行动视角的韧性机制建设框架，并结合浙江省综合减灾示范社区杭州市杨柳郡社区的案例分析，阐释针对行动系统不同部分的社区应急管理策略。研究发现，文化系统中的价值与规范是动机的来源，确定性是人格系统理性认知和行动的条件，党建引领和社群网络的结合是推动多主体参与的重要手段。本文通过构建行动视角下的社区韧性机制建设框架，对推动社区应急管理提供理论支撑和经验参考。     

取消农业税合乎平等原则吗——兼论对优惠措施的合宪性审查

2005年12月29日,第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议决定废止《中华人民共和国农业税条例》。此后,农业生产者的纳税义务即被免除。其实这种取消农业税的措施,在宪法理论上可以被称为"优惠措施"。如果从宪法学的角度看,作为一项抽象性的立法决定,取消农业税的惠农措施并不一定具有合宪性;因为作为一项针对特定主体的优惠,对于其他主体可能会产生不平等,从而有违宪法上的平等原则。但是否违反平等原则,却是需要通过宪法上特定的审查标准;只有通过这种检验,优惠措施才能获得那种可通过违宪审查的宪法正当性。     

行政诉讼和解适用范围探析

行政诉讼案件除行政赔偿外一律不得进行调解,但目前行政诉讼中原告在被告改变具体行政行为的情况下自行撤诉,在法院的调解下,双方达成和解,解决了行政争端,这实质就是一种变相的调解。鉴于实务中存在滥用和解制度的倾向,厘清哪些类型的案件可以适用行政诉讼和解制度的探讨就非常必要。对于行政案件类型化的探讨也可以使法院在审判实务中有更加明确的参考标准。