统一财务管理发挥集权作用——浅谈劳教企业财务管理模式

企业财务管理模式有两大类,即集权式和分权式.鉴于劳教企业财务管理的现状,集权管理应是首选模式.劳教企业财务管理必须坚持"以制度理财、用统管聚财、抓龙头控财、用指标管财"的基本原则,通过活化资金管理,强化投资管理,细化资产管理,深化成本管理,善化财会制度,来谋求劳教企业的最佳经济效益.     

中国信用评级机构独立性探索——以上海国际金融中心建设为背景

信用评级机构是上海国际金融中心建设的一块重要内容,但是目前信用评级机构独立性不强是最主要的问题。原因来自三个方面：信用评级机构的形成和发展受制于行政力量,发行人付费的模式存在不合理之处以及信用评级市场受控于美资。针对上述原因,在构建信用评级机构独立性框架时,建议中央政府以上海为试点。整合国内信用评级市场、改变监管模式、组建自律机构、遏制外国资本对中国市场的渗透,同时完善以中国人民银行为主体的信用数据库。设立入门考试等制度。     

Paradoxes and Failures: ‘New Governance’ Techniques and the Financial Crisis

This article examines the performance of four ‘new governance’ techniques of regulation in the period leading up to the financial crisis: principles based regulation, risk based regulation, meta‐regulation and enrolment. These techniques have been advocated on the basis that they are responsive, flexible, and in enrolling others in the regulatory project thereby expand its capacity, and even its legitimacy. However, experience in the crisis revealed that in their implementation they can be out of touch or indulgent, focus heavily on auditable systems and processes, and that in enrolling others they can increase vulnerabilities and the potential for negative endogenous effects. The argument is not that there should be a return to adversarial ‘command and control’ regulation, rather that experience of these strategies in the crisis suggests a need to understand in greater depth the refractive effects of the organisational, technical/functional and cognitive dimensions of regulatory governance, if we are to understand and adapt its performance in different contexts.     

EDITORS LETTER

Identity theft has become one of the most ubiquitous crimes in the USA with estimates of the number of households being victimized annually ranging between 5% and 25%, resulting in direct losses totaling hundreds of billions of dollars over the past few years. Government efforts to combat identity theft have included legislation criminalizing and increasing penalties as well as regulatory efforts designed to protect individual identifying information held by financial and other business organizations. At the same time, individuals are taking their own preventive actions and purchasing private protection such as credit monitoring and identity theft insurance services. We use data from a large sample of residents from four states (Illinois, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Washington) in order to assess the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for a government program designed to reduce identify theft under two separate conditions, one promising a 25% reduction in identity theft and the other promising a 75% reduction in identity theft. Results indicate that: (1) between 40% and 66% of the public is willing to pay an additional tax for identity theft prevention, more so when the promise of a reduction is highest (75% compared to 25%) with an average WTP of $87, and (2) WTP is highest among individuals who carry many credit cards, who subscribe to an identity theft protection service, and who take active steps in preventing fraud by shredding bills and paying with cash, but is lowest among individuals who believe that taxes are too high. Converted into a “per crime” cost and combined with the portion of identity theft costs that are borne directly by business, we estimate the average cost per identity theft to range from approximately $2,800 to $5,100.     

Die Ausgaben der Schweizer Kantone ‐ Eine Fuzzy Set QCA

The paper investigates the factors influencing the 26 Swiss Cantons' government expenditures. While the question has been subject to various statistical analyses, the present study has an alternative focus by adopting a configurative perspective. We take the findings of the 2002‐study by Vatter and Freitag, as our point of departure and re‐analyse their significant variables with regard to their combined impact using updated data from 2000 to 2006 and employing Fuzzy Set QCA. The results underline the important effect of monetary transfers from the federation thus corroborating the Flypaper Effect thesis from Economic Theory.     

金融消费者保护体制及其相关问题

2008年爆发的金融危机引发了世界各国对金融消费者保护问题的关注。金融产品或服务的消费特点使消费者需要得到更专业和更细致的监管保护,这对监管机构的组织体制和职能建设提出了更高的要求。当前对金融消费者保护体制主要有分业管理、综合管理和专门管理三种模式,借鉴金融发达国家经验,我国可以选择在分业监管部门内设机构的方案,同时加强金融知识的普及和教育,待基本保护职能较为完善、经验相对成熟后通过专门立法实现金融消费者保护体制的专门管理模式。     

金融资源公平配置与金融监管法律制度的完善

金融资源观的提出为法学研究提供了新视角。目前我国城市与农村之间、不同所有制经济体之间金融资源配置严重不均衡,已经影响了社会公平。赶超战略下的金融监管制度设计偏差是金融资源配置失衡的重要原因。为实现金融资源配置的公平,需要构建包容性的金融监管法律制度,具体包括包容的金融市场准入制度和公平的金融市场退出制度。     

金融监管机构侵权责任之辨

在金融监管失灵的常态化之下,对金融监管机构的再监管成为重要议题,金融监管机构的侵权责任亦因此大行其道。但是,由于侵权法因果关系的束缚,侵权责任功能错位,加上公共政策的影响以及司法态度之消极克制,侵权责任在金融监管领域的扩张并未达到预期之效应。因此,必须引入其他替代机制、适度收缩侵权责任,以更好地实现保护第三方利益与激励金融监管机构审慎监管的多重目标。