Who catches the biotech train? Understanding diverging political responses to GMOs in Southeast Asia

Agricultural biotechnology in general and ‘genetically modified organisms’ in particular present, depending on whom you believe, either great opportunities for – or threats to – the future of farming and of food security in Southeast Asia. As a reflection of this cognitive rift, countries in the region have adopted divergent policies on genetically modified crops. Although both countries strove to become biotech pioneers in the 1990s, today the Philippines has emerged as the regional leader in this second Green Revolution, whereas Thailand effectively has rejected the new technology. How can we explain these divergent biotechnological trajectories? In this essay I argue that the answer is to be found in the impact of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, which paved the way for mobilization and empowerment of opponents of agricultural biotechnology in Thailand, but not, or much less so, in the Philippines. In Thailand, genetically modified crops came increasingly to be perceived as incompatible with an ascendant and eventually hegemonic new development paradigm – sufficiency economy.     

论金融诈骗罪的概念和构成特征

金融诈骗罪是近年来金融领域中的高频多发犯罪,研究金融诈骗罪的概念与构成特征对于司法实践正确认定该罪具有重要意义.论文首先对金融诈骗罪的概念作了较为科学合理的界定,并对金融诈骗罪与金融欺诈犯罪概念的异同作了剖析;尔后,对金融诈骗罪的主体、主观、客观、客体特征中的若干重点、共性问题作了探讨,尤其是对非法占有目的的理解与认定问题作了详细的剖析.     

混业经营:中国金融业的未来发展趋势

当前国际金融发展的一个重要趋势是从分业经营向混业经营转变 ,中国金融业也应当采取措施实行混业经营 ,以应对 WTO,以适应金融全球化的发展和中国市场的需要 ,以适应中国金融业的未来发展趋势     

WTO的金融服务贸易协定及中国的对策

加入 WTO,我国金融银行业面临的挑战与冲击主要来自于 WTO的金融服务贸易协定及其金融服务贸易自由化宗旨。该协定一方面将促进我国银行业的深化改革 ,另一方面又会产生风险效应。这些风险的形成主要源于我国金融体系的脆弱性。因此 ,面对挑战 ,只有正视自身存在的问题 ,找到差距所在 ,才能抓住时机 ,制定对策 ,有效化解“入世”后的冲击与风险。     

欧美金融隐私保护法律制度比较

欧美金融隐私权保护由于不同隐私保护体系而显得区别很大.欧盟综合性的保护方式为金融隐私权提供了较高的保护水平,但是实践中各国适用并不一致.美国单独立法的方式使得其金融隐私保护错综复杂,市场力量、行业自律也在保护金融隐私方面发挥重要作用.我国金融隐私立法应参照欧美法律和实践两个方面的情况.     

突发事件背景下预算法应急机制的困境与出路

在应对突发事件而组织、调配、动用公共资源的过程中,财政作为国家治理的基础与重要支柱发挥了关键作用,而财政应急实践又是透过预算法上的一系列应急机制进一步展示其行动轨迹的,能否在预算层面提升公共资源的统筹规划与管理利用水平成为审视国家应急治理成效的重要标准。然而,分析预算法上的相关应急机制安排,发现其适用范围过于局限于紧急处置阶段,缺乏风险预防的制度化考量;当风险转变为现实危机时,应急机制又过于注重资金保障,忽视预算法内在的行为约束要求;进一步到恢复重建阶段,预算法应急机制还面临与预算法之外的其他风险应对专门立法的关系调适,以克服支出法定化及预算僵化的困扰。整体观之,预算法提供的应急机制远未适应风险社会突发事件应对的实践需求,与其支撑国家应急治理体系建设的应有定位存在明显差距。基于此,有必要面向风险预防需求扩展预算法应急机制的适用范围,区分不同阶段、不同类型预算法应急机制的保障与约束需求,协调预算法与其他风险应对专门立法的关系,使预算法真正承载突发事件的应对重任。     

论我国农村资金互助社的融资制度创新及其法律保障

农村资金互助社是我国农村金融实践的产物,是我国农村合作金融的起步形态。由于相关法律制度的缺陷及政策支持的不足,目前农村资金互助社普遍面临着融资困境,主要表现为难以获得金融许可证,处于银监会监管下的正规农村资金互助社发展步履维艰。针对农村资金互助社融资制度中存在的法人财产权属制度模糊和融资方式低效两个缺陷,应赋予农村资金互助社法人财产制度合作金融特征,实质性拓展农村资金互助社的融资方式,并完善农村资金互助社融资制度创新的法律保障。     

The politics of quantitative easing and housing stimulus by the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, 2008‒2018

Abstract

Central banks have been important yet underexplored actors in the fight against the Great Recession. In addition to ultra-low interest rates, they adopted large-scale bond-buying programmes known as quantitative easing (QE). Yet there is significant variation in QE programmes with important distributive consequences. Why has the Fed adopted multi-trillion-dollar bond-buying programmes in housing, while the ECB has not? This article argues that the Fed targeted the integrated housing finance market as a monetary transmission strategy to stimulate core elements of the US growth model: credit, demand, and consumption. In contrast, the ECB hardly stimulated housing given the eurozone’s fragmented housing finance markets and the macroeconomic frictions with some eurozone growth models, particularly export-oriented Germany. Analysing archival and interview data, this article traces the decisions of these central banks since the Great Recession, contributing to scholarship on the politics of central banking, economic policy in hard times, and the welfare state.     

民营上市公司财务监督问题——兼评《上市公司治理准则》《证券法》的相关修订

在日本设置监查委员会等三类委员会的公司中,监查委员会和会计监查人为公司财务监督的最终把门人。日本立法者虽然给予了这两大监督机构一定的独立性,但是东芝公司财务造假事件的发生却反映出这两大机构背后的许多问题。我国《上市公司治理准则》和《证券法》对公司财务监督的有关修改难以解决民营上市企业的财务造假问题。在我国,作为民营上市公司内部财务监督把门人的审计委员会和日本的监查委员会一样,有着交叉任职和缺乏专业性的问题,这使得聘任财会专业的专职审计委员显得有所必要。同时,类似于日本的情形,独立性、会计师事务所的强制轮换制度缺失和时间压力是会计师事务所担任我国民营上市公司外部财务监督把门人时所面临的问题,对此可采取的改革措施有赋予审计委员会对会计事务所的选解任权和报酬决定权、限制每年年初前4个月签字会计师审计的公司数量等。     

The Influence of Finance Policies on Charter School Supply Decisions in Five States

This paper tests if charter school finance policies influence charter school location. I create a theoretical framework describing the location incentives created by charter school finance provisions and test their relevance empirically by applying a two-step approach consisting of negative binomial models and Wald tests. Using data from New York, North Carolina, Florida, Michigan, and Ohio, I provide evidence that states’ finance provisions are an important policy lever impacting charter school location. Several robustness checks corroborate the initial results.