民营上市公司财务监督问题——兼评《上市公司治理准则》《证券法》的相关修订

在日本设置监查委员会等三类委员会的公司中,监查委员会和会计监查人为公司财务监督的最终把门人。日本立法者虽然给予了这两大监督机构一定的独立性,但是东芝公司财务造假事件的发生却反映出这两大机构背后的许多问题。我国《上市公司治理准则》和《证券法》对公司财务监督的有关修改难以解决民营上市企业的财务造假问题。在我国,作为民营上市公司内部财务监督把门人的审计委员会和日本的监查委员会一样,有着交叉任职和缺乏专业性的问题,这使得聘任财会专业的专职审计委员显得有所必要。同时,类似于日本的情形,独立性、会计师事务所的强制轮换制度缺失和时间压力是会计师事务所担任我国民营上市公司外部财务监督把门人时所面临的问题,对此可采取的改革措施有赋予审计委员会对会计事务所的选解任权和报酬决定权、限制每年年初前4个月签字会计师审计的公司数量等。     

Unity and conflict: Explaining financial industry lobbying success in European Union public consultations

This article examines the contingent nature of financial industry lobbying power in the context of the policy formation stage of six European Commission regulatory proposals. I argue that lobbying success is a function of how well finance is able to speak with a unified voice. Building on existing studies, I examine industry unity as explicit preference alignment between actors but also in terms of actors abstaining from stating preferences. Staying silent on an issue sends signals to policymakers about issue saliency and industry support. Using a novel dataset derived from document coding and interviews, I examine the impact of industry unity on lobbying success in shaping six financial regulatory proposals in the context of the European Union. My findings show that lobbying success is partially contingent on the extent to which finance is united behind a common position. Critically, however, lobbying success is also related to the nature of that position, whether supporting the proposal or whether in favor of strengthening or weakening regulatory stringency.     

小微企业金融业务发展模式探究

小微企业发展过程中筹集资金的难度一直存在,一方面在于银行信贷苛刻的限制条件,另一方面在于小微企业自身的某些缺陷,造成了银行对小微企业开展信贷的数量较小,规模有限。采取小微企业联合担保形式可以为效益良好的小企业提供了比较充足的资金,大大促进了企业发展;而社区金融的小规模、活机制、少管理层次、低运行成本,适合了小微企业的融资需求。     

船舶融资租赁中备用租约的法律性质和风险辨析

由出租人与备用承租人签署备用租约在船舶融资租赁中十分普遍,但业界对其法律性质和风险缺乏明确和统一的认识。备用租约一般采用船舶融资租赁或光船租赁合同的形式,但其法律性质是光租合同、融资租赁合同抑或为保证则应根据备用承租人在备用租约下承担的义务和责任的具体内容确定,不能一概而论。     

Rethinking calculation: the popularization of financial trading outside the global centres of finance

Abstract

The paper looks at the popularization of financial trading in Israel. It presents a qualitative analysis of the calculative models and techniques that are promoted by financial trading schools, service firms and books. Broadly, the popularization of trading in this field involves a focus on ‘technical analysis’ (TA) and relies upon a socio-psychological reading of financial charts. Incorporating explicitly non-economic ideas into traders’ calculative logic – including an emic notion of ‘performativity’ – popular TA constitutes an attempt to ‘reverse’ the making of markets: to calculatively trace price formations back to the minds, hearts and arrangement from which they had allegedly sprung as a means of foreseeing their future shape before it fully materializes. Tying the psyche and the market in a calculative loop, popular TA transcends existing social theories of financial calculation. The paper discusses this challenge and its implications for our understanding of the expansion of finance.     

系统重要性金融机构可处置性的新发展及启示

可处置性是2008年金融危机后为解决系统重要性金融机构(G-SIFIs)"大而不能倒"问题提出的一个新概念。提高G-SIFIs的可处置性是目前金融稳定理事会加强G-SIFIs监管的重要内容之一。可处置性具有诸多相关概念、具体内容以及不同要求。欧美及我国在提高系统重要性金融机构可处置性的进展方面情况有所差异。目前,制约我国开展此项工作主要因素有许多方面,需要有针对性地增强相应的政策措施。     

FHA: Recent History and Future Prospects

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) deserves considerable credit for helping support the housing market during the recent financial crisis by increasing its own market share. However, as the recovery continues, the FHA can gradually return to its “traditional” role as an insurer of low-down-payment home mortgages for low-to-moderate-income and first-time homebuyers. A major concern going forward is susceptibility to increased adverse selection if it continues in nontraditional markets. Indeed, the modest market share of the FHA going into the housing collapse was important both in limiting its losses and in allowing it to maintain the market when other traditional secondary market makers failed.     

American murder mystery revisited: do housing voucher households cause crime?

This paper reviews the current state of the housing market, particularly in the shadow of the foreclosure crisis, the collapse of the financial system, and persistent unemployment. The authors outline the policy priorities necessary to facilitate the recovery of the housing market in general and to encourage comprehensive revitalization of the hardest hit communities.     

Portugal and the Straitjacket of the European Financial Crisis

The austerity program negotiated with the Troika (IMF-ECB-EC) and adopted by Portugal in 2011 is having a devastating impact on the Portuguese economy. Although the Portuguese government is clearly fulfilling the measures agreed with the Troika, the final outcome of the adjustment program is not entirely in its hands, but rather awaiting further EU decisions involving measures to stimulate economic growth, mutualisation of public debt and additional steps towards a federal Europe. As time goes by, the negative repercussions – in particular social and political instability, as well as the erosion of the Portuguese democratic regime – are inevitable if there is no light at the end of the tunnel.     

经济全球化背景下金融行政规制的新对策

全球化作为一种客观事实和发展趋势,越来越深刻地影响着世界各国的历史进程,在给人类带来福祉的同时,也将危机带至人们面前.美国次贷危机至今,全球经济仍在波动中缓步前行.这场来势汹涌的经济危机告诉人们,减少政府对经济社会干预为主要经济政策目标的新自由主义经济政策,在金融结构多元化、金融产品创新化的国际金融市场面前显得准备不足.本文旨在研究经济全球化背景下金融行政规制的新对策,使之在防范泡沫性风险的同时能够有助于一国金融体系的持续稳健发展.