基于指纹图像清晰度提取和评估指纹中心点的方法

基于指纹图像清晰度提取和评估指纹中心点的方法是对传统的指纹中心点提取方法的改进,能够加快提取速度、改善提取效果,从而使指纹中心点评估参数更加客观、准确,并达到量化评估的目的。     

Thermal degradation analysis of amino acids in fingerprint residue by pyrolysis GC-MS to develop new latent fingerprint developing reagents

Conventional development of latent fingerprints is compromised when the prints are decomposed by extreme temperatures, such as those encountered when a weapon cartridge is fired, an improvised explosive device is detonated, and/or in arson cases. Understanding how these extreme temperatures alter the chemical and physical properties of latent fingerprint residue could aid in the discovery of a reagent that could effectively develop these decomposed fingerprints. To mimic scenarios where fingerprints may be exposed to high heat conditions, standards of the five most abundant amino acids in fingerprint residue as well as extracted fingerprint residue were pyrolized under controlled conditions. Compounds identified as pyrolytic decomposition products were 3,6-dimethylpiperazine-2,5-dione (from alanine), maleimide, and 2,5-furandione (from aspartic acid). The pyrograms and selected ion traces show these products to hold promise as indicators of decomposed fingerprint residues and, therefore, may serve as good candidate substrates for a developing reagent.     

HaeⅢ和HinfⅠ酶解DNA指纹图的比较——一例乱伦案的亲子鉴定

<正> DNA指纹技术已经在法医生物物证鉴定中被日益广泛地应用。从理论上说,两种不同的限制性内切酶酶解同一个体DNA产生完全不同的指纹图,虽有这方面的一般性报道,但无进一步的研究。作者用α—珠蛋白-3’HVR探针比较了HinfI和HaeⅢ酶解的DNA指纹图,并将此结果应用于案例鉴定,报道如下。     

防止茚三酮溶液扩散纸张字迹的研究

目的 解决茚三酮溶液在显现手印同时对纸张上字迹产生扩散作的问题;方法 分别采用茚三酮丙酮溶液,茚三酮氟利昂溶液,茚三酮石油谜溶液,茚三酮庚烷溶液作比较。结果 钢笔字迹用4种溶液均不易扩散;纸张上其它成份字迹用后两种方法显现手印时可有效保存纸张上文字原貌。     

警用活体指纹采集系统基本原理及技术创新

目的创立一种警用多个数字传感器同通道活体指纹采集系统。方法应用多个数字传感器定时同步控制技术、模拟无穷远成像技术、自适应采集参数控制、指位校准、内置专业模糊匹配算法等进行技术创新。结果有效提高活体指纹采集的成功率。结论该系统在实践工作中有广泛应用价值。     

人DNA指纹检测的初步研究

根据随机探针检测DNA限制片段长度多态性的原理和人与鼠的髓鞘硷性蛋白(MBP)基因cDNA有90％以上同源序列的事实,我们选用rMBP-cDNA 3'端非表达区高度重复顺序的0.81kb片段作探针,检测用HaeⅢ酶解的人DNA限制性片段结果可以分解出22条谱带,受检的30例无血缘关系的个体之间,没有两个人的谱带是完全相同的,显示出此方法的高度特异性。本文还比较了若干DNA片段作探针和几种限制性内切酶检测人DNA指纹的结果。     

Development of a GC-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of latent fingerprint components

Latent fingerprint residue is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. A full understanding of the composition of this mixture and how it changes after deposition is lacking. Three solvent systems were compared for the simultaneous extraction and derivatization with ethyl chloroformate of selected amino and fatty acids from a nonporous substrate (Mylar for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A solvent system comprised of sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and pyridine was found to be the most effective. This method was applied to the analysis of latent fingerprint residue deposited on Mylar and preliminary data are presented. Twelve amino acids (e.g., serine, glycine, and aspartic acid) and 10 fatty acids (e.g., tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids) were identified. The potential application of this method to further the understanding of latent fingerprint chemistry has been demonstrated.     

Evaluation of Four Fingerprint Development Methods for Touch Chemistry Using Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry,

Four preparation techniques for MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry were compared to determine the ability to gather intelligence for investigations through the chemical analysis of latent fingerprints, defined as “touch chemistry.” Compatible fingerprint development processes used for identification along with new techniques are necessary to evaluate touch chemistry. Ten volunteers deposited fingerprints from solvent residues containing drugs and explosives onto microscope slides. The developers included (A) fingerprint powder, (B) MALDI matrix, (C) fingerprint powder and lifting, and (D) cyanoacrylate fuming with fingerprint powder. Qualitative identification was based on ion images and spectra. The highest average detection rates (88%) were found using methods A and B. Methods C (52%) or D (18%) had limited success. Results demonstrate the importance of imaging coupled to extracted mass spectral data in detecting analytes in deposited fingerprints. Overall, the results suggest continued development of touch chemistry applications could prove useful for gathering intelligence and forensically relevant information.     

一种新型指印荧光显现剂的研究

本文主要论述了新型指印荧光显现剂的基本原理、配方和实验结果.所配制的显现剂可显现牛皮纸、白纸、铜板纸、明信片等纸张上的指印,也可以显现塑料、油漆面、原木、乳胶漆墙面等客体表面的指印,使用方便、快捷.     

中国法庭科学DNA数据库

本文综述了中国法庭科学DNA数据库的建立和发展过程、DNA数据库结构、内容、特点、作用以及存在的问题、发展方向、展望,目的是为如何进一步建设好具有中国特色的DNA数据库提供借鉴。