Web数据库安全应用策略

Web数据库的安全是一个系统性、综合性的课题。想要建立完美的安全体系是困难的,实际中的Web数据库系统会采取多种技术来构建安全体系。只有通过不断地改进和完善安全手段,才能提高系统的可靠性。     

DNA identification of skeletal remains by investigator’s intuition

In June 2006 a decapitated woman was found in a parking area of the motorway in the area of Prato (Florence). Since the body was beheaded and no victim’s documents or objects were present at the crime scene, identification at that time was impossible. However, DNA profile from woman’s bones were collected. In the same year (2003), a mother had reported her daughter's disappearance but the two events were not related at that time. About ten years later the mother’s DNA profile was finally acquired for a genetic identification of another girl’s body found in the Ferrara area. These genetic profiles were completely discordant. All these genetic comparisons were carried out on behalf of the prosecutors of the cities involved in the findings of the bodies and in the disappearance complaints, but due to the lack of a database the events remained disconnected. In January 2017, the head of the scientific police of Prato who had followed the investigation and questioned the mother of the missing girl found about ten years later, suggested to the magistrate to order the comparison of the mother's DNA with the genetic profile of the bones found in 2006. This comparison finally allowed the identification of the missing daughter.This story highlights the importance of having forensic DNA database to search for missing persons and how the investigator's intuition can play a key role in resolving criminal cases. In fact, databases of unknown bodies and relatives of missing persons were created in Italy as a part of national DNA database just at the beginning of 2018.     

指纹鉴定技术在痕迹检验工作中的运用探析

指纹鉴定技术作为痕迹检验技术中的一项基本内容,是现场勘查工作中的重要技术手段。虽然近年来我国不断加强指纹鉴定方面的技术开发与应用,但在指纹识别、比对等方面的效率还比较低。基于此,有必要针对指纹鉴定技术在痕迹检验工作中的运用进行研究。在对指纹鉴定技术进行概括介绍的基础上,就指纹鉴定技术的运用现状进行分析,并对如何优化技术的运用提出相关的策略建议。     

Contactless Visualization of Latent Fingerprints on Nonporous Curved Surfaces of Circular Cross Section—A Statistical Evaluation on the Materials as Plane Mirror

A new contactless technique for latent fingerprint visualization on nonporous curved surfaces of circular cross section was introduced by Low et al. (1). The technique utilizes a plane mirror to convey the light rays toward the inspected surfaces for latent fingerprint visualization. This research activity came up as an extension of the previous study which utilized an aluminum plate as the plane mirror to illuminate the inspected surfaces. Dulling spray was used to increase the diffuse component of the reflective aluminum plate. However, the amount of dulling spray will affect the uniformity of the illumination on the inspected curved surfaces. In this study, a study on the new materials for the plane mirror was carried out. Coated aluminum, opal, and ground glass diffusers were selected as the new materials. The performance of the new materials was compared to the aluminum based on the quality of the captured images on various nonporous cylindrical surfaces. A statistical approach known as randomized complete block design was used to design the experiment. The quality of the captured images was obtained using Spectral Image Validation and Verification. Two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test were used to analyze the quality of the images. From the results of the statistical analysis, coated aluminum has the best performance compared to aluminum, opal, and ground glass diffusers.     

32例父权鉴定DNA指纹图结果与血型血清学方法检测结果的比较

32例父权鉴定案例,应用‘Myo’小卫星DNA探针,以Southern印迹杂交技术进行DNA分析,所得结果与血型血清学检测方法(15～24种红细胞抗原、血清蛋白型及红细胞酶型系统)的结果比较,获得一致性结论。其中8例排除父权,24例肯定父权。并就两种检测方法的内部联系进行了讨论。     

中国“罪犯DNA数据库”STR基因座研究

选择合适的 STR基因座 ,建立中国“罪犯 DNA数据库”模式库。以 2 2 11名汉族、15 0名维吾尔族、10 4名回族群体为分析对象 ,提取罪犯血样 DNA,用复合 PCR和四色荧光技术检测了 D3S135 8、v WA、FGA、D8S1179、D2 1S11、D18S5 1、D5 S818、D13S317、D16 S5 39、TH0 1、TPOX、CSF1PO、D7S82 0等 13个 STR基因座及性别 Amelogenin基因座。在 13个 STR基因座中 ,除 TH0 1、TPOX基因座外 ,其余各基因座的个体鉴别能力 (DP)值均接近 0 .9,杂合度(H)均大于 0 .7,排除概率 (PE)大都在 0 .5以上 ,其中 FGA、D8S1179、D2 1S11和 D18S5 1基因座 DP≥ 0 .95 ,H≥ 0 .85 ,PE≥ 0 .6 5 ,表明它们在法医学上极有应用价值。TH0 1和 TPOX在多态性方面较差 (H分别为 0 .6 430和 0 .6 2 96 ,PE分别为0 .40 46和 0 .370 1) ,但也符合应用于法医学的要求。13个基因座的平均偶合率为 5× 10 - 1 5 ～ 1.2× l0 - 1 4 ,适合作为中国人群的遗传学标志 ,用于建立中国“罪犯 DNA数据库”     

小颗粒悬浮液法显现汗潜手印的研究

本文从小颗粒悬浮液的显现原理出发,选择二硫化钼作为显现物质,对小颗粒法显现手印的试剂浓度、操作方法、对陈旧手印的适用性及小颗粒悬浮液的放置时间进行了研究和探讨,并给出相应的结论。     

浅谈数据库安全

数据库系统作为信息系统中的基础软件,其安全性问题十分重要。本文综述了数据库安全的相关理论,并重点论述了数据库安全技术以及SQL Server数据库的安全配置。     

关于纸张上汗潜手印显现方法的研究

对于纸张上的汗潜手印,一般是采用直接在纸张上进行化学显现的方法进行。但在某些特殊情况下,该方法因为会破坏客体而不适用。文章主要研究了通过压力转印将检材上的手印物质转移到另一载体上再进行显现的方法。研究结果表明：使用转印的方法可以显现多种纸张上的汗潜手印,用滤纸作为载体,转印压强为10MPa,转印时间为5分钟时,转印效果最佳。     

Extraction of the relevant population from a forensic database

Evaluation of forensic evidence using Bayesian statistics requires the formulation of hypotheses. Many hypotheses, especially those presenting the defence viewpoint imply that traces can be attributed to an arbitrary member of a relevant population. The exact items or persons that comprise the relevant population may vary from case to case. Therefore, the statistical evaluation of evidential value based on databases cannot make use of a fixed set of items or persons. In the current paper, methodology is presented to filter the contents of a database such that only items that are considered relevant are selected. Six scenarios, including those related to fibre, textile, and glass evidence are described, together with the hypotheses and relevant populations that may be evaluated by an expert. In addition, we show how items representing the defined relevant population can be extracted from a database using SQL code. Images of the items in the (filtered) relevant population provide an overview of the selected items and hence direct feedback to the examiner. In this way, erroneous codes or unwanted side effects can be identified and corrected. It is concluded that the filtering procedure is effective in cases where the relevant population is demarcated accurately.