Adaptation and evaluation of the PrepFiler™ DNA extraction technology in an automated forensic DNA analysis process with emphasis on DNA yield, inhibitor removal and contamination security

Within the initial step of the forensic DNA analysis process, the DNA extraction efficiency and especially the removal of potential PCR inhibitors is crucial for subsequent steps, e.g. quantification by real-time PCR and amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs). The protocol of the PrepFiler™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit was optimized for the application on a Tecan liquid handling workstation Freedom EVO^® 150. This modified application of the PrepFiler™ technology was compared with respect to DNA yield, sensitivity and the ability to remove potential PCR inhibitors to an established routine method working on the same liquid handling workstation based on ChargeSwitch^® Technology (CST) from Invitrogen.     

An investigation on the secondary transfer of organic gunshot residues

Gunshot residues (GSR) are an important forensic trace in firearm-related events. Currently, routine GSR analyses focus on the detection and characterisation of the inorganic components (IGSR). The increasing prevalence of heavy metal-free ammunition challenges these current protocols and there is an increasing interest in how the organic components of GSR (OGSR) can provide complementary information. Similar to the situation with IGSR, OGSR compounds originally deposited on the shooter during the firing process may further be transferred onto another individual or surface. Hence, the aim of this study was to provide additional information regarding the risk of a secondary transfer of OGSR. Two scenarios were investigated, the first one related to the arrest process and the possibilities of a secondary transfer arising between a shooter onto a non-shooter (e.g. between a police officer and a person of interest (POI)). The second scenario concerned the transfer of OGSR onto the non-shooter after handling a firearm for few minutes without discharging it. One calibre was chosen, the .40 S&W calibre, used by several Australian State police forces. A secondary transfer was observed in all cases for the two scenarios investigated, for three compounds of interest: ethylcentralite (EC), diphenylamine (DPA), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (N-nDPA). The firearm handling scenario resulted in a larger secondary transfer to that of the arrest scenario. Overall, the amounts of OGSR detected on the non-shooter were generally lower than that detected on the shooter and controls after the arrest scenario. The results of this study provide complementary knowledge about OGSR, which can be further used to improve the current practice and the interpretation of OGSR evidence. In particular, it highlights that the secondary transfer proposition must be considered during the interpretation of forensic findings, especially when small amounts of OGSR target compounds are detected.     

无权处分行为与无权处分合同--兼析《合同法》第51条

无权处分是一个涉及无权处分人、相对人和财产权利人三层民事关系调整的复杂问题.本文通过具体分析比较物权行为模式和非物权行为模式下无极处分行为的含义及法律效果的不同,得出物权行为模式下的无权处分行为界定及效果更为合理,更利于民法体系内在的和谐,进而建议对无权处分合同效力重新认定,修改<合同法>第51条的规定.     

灵活就业流动人口就业质量与居留意愿研究

灵活就业已成为就业增收的重要渠道,促进流动人口中的灵活就业者实现高质量就业对城市人 力资本集聚有重要意义。研究利用 2017 年中国流动人口动态监测调查（CMDS）数据测度灵活就业流动人口就 业质量,并探究其对居留意愿的影响。研究发现：不同受教育水平、不同行业和不同地区的灵活就业流动人口 的就业质量均小于有固定雇主的标准就业流动人口的就业质量;灵活就业流动人口就业质量的提升会显著增加 其居留意愿;同时,减少对灵活就业流动人口的“身份歧视”、降低买房困难、增加技能培训及地区互联网经 济的发展亦可间接增加其居留意愿。研究建议：应提升互联网经济的发展水平,建立更为完善的公共就业服务 体系,提高灵活就业流动人口的当地社保参保率,降低其在当地的买房困难,以提升灵活就业流动人口的就业 质量,进而增加其居留意愿。     

论审判阶段的补充侦查——以2021年《刑诉法解释》第274条为切入

审判阶段的补充侦查因引起审判活动中断、诉讼程序倒流等法律后果,背离控审分离、控辩平等,特别是以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的基本要义而备受疑义。立足于2021年《刑诉法解释》第274条的规范语义,审判阶段补充侦查的分析、研判不应继续囿于以往刑事立法的框定内容,不能以此前规范可能形成的不利后果作为制度诟病的必然论据,而是应当通过更为多元、适恰的论理方法,将此议题的分析、阐释置于刑事法律规范与刑事诉讼制度变革的现实语境之中,用以有针对性地回应审判阶段补充侦查制度项下的诸多疑义,并以此为基础演绎归纳出此议题之下以完善制度本体与优化配套机制为导向,以明晰同意补充侦查申请的条件标准、依据刑事诉讼客体同一性理论限缩补充侦查之缺失证据范围、恢复庭前实质性审查,以及强化对于根据在案证据进行裁判的释法说理为具体内容的渐进式改革路径。     

Honeymoon or consolidation,or both?: Time dependence of democratic durability

Much research has been done to identify factors that facilitate or prevent democratic breakdown. Little attention, however, has been paid to the question of whether and how the baseline risk level (after controlling for the impacts of relevant factors) changes over time. Using a flexible parametric survival model, I analyse the duration of 149 democratic periods (1946–2008) and demonstrate that the baseline risk has an inverted-U shape, which provides evidence for the honeymoon effect and democratic consolidation. This finding has an important policy implication for democratic assistance programmes.     

行政行为的可诉性标准探析

本文从内部行政行为的可诉性入手,针对行政行为的可诉性标准探讨了行政诉讼受案范围扩大的必然趋势。从司法最终救济和穷尽行政救济原则出发,探讨了合理界定行政权和司法权在行政诉讼中的地位和作用。     

结合《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》提升治安管理专业学生办案能力

《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》对公安机关执法民警的素质提出了更高的要求,结合该法,及时更新教学内容,提升治安管理专业学生的办案能力,是公安院校的使命。     

教师申诉处理的司法救济 —— 基于 23 件行政诉讼案例的分析

申诉机制为行政诉讼介入教师与学校之间的争议处理提供了可能。但现行法律规定的局限,使得大量的争议无法进入行政诉讼;对部分争议的审查,自由裁量过大,欠缺公平性;以申诉处理决定为审查对象不利于定纷止争。应根据学校管理的特殊性,规定申诉作为行政诉讼的前置程序,明确将涉及教师基本权利且因管理而引发的争议纳入行政诉讼受案范围。在审查标准上,针对学校单方解聘、辞退、开除处分等处理决定,应适用程序审查兼实体审查原则;针对职称评审决定,应适用形式审查以及程序审查原则;对于所涉学术问题,如是否达到某一级职称之学术标准,则应尊重评审专家之意见。     

通货膨胀目标制的内涵及在中国的检验

通货膨胀目标制是当今世界流行的一种货币政策制度.尽管学术界至今对通货膨胀目标制存在不同意见,但对这一制度的有关特征是有共识的,即要明确规定一个数量化的通货膨胀目标;货币政策操作应该有相当高的透明度;中央银行对通货膨胀目标的实现承担责任.此外,通货膨胀目标制是一个包括操作工具、操作目标、信息变量和最终目标在内的有关货币政策制定和实施的系统.本文构建了这一制度的模型框架,并用中国的数据检验了其适用性.结果表明,灵活通胀目标制规则在当前中国的货币政策实践中并不非常适合.