中国古代早期文明研究的思考

中国古代早期文明的研究亟需跳出固有的传统窠臼 ,扩大视野 ,转变思路 ;对现存有限的文献资料和历史传说也必须以新的方法 ,作综合分析和比较研究 ;对具有丰富潜力的地下考古新成果更需及时吸收运用 ,开辟新的资料来源 ,从而使我们的研究工作取得重大突破 ,更健康深入地开展下去     

论我国刑事责任的承担方式

刑事责任问题是刑法理论中比较重要的问题.正确认识刑事责任的承担方式是刑法发展的要求,同时也是 刑事责任理论应用于实战的前提条件。本文探讨了我国刑事责任的承担方式,并提出刑事制裁概念。     

Decentralising to Villages in Indonesia: Money (and Other) Mistakes

Nearly 15 years after embarking on its large‐scale decentralisation programme, Indonesia has decided to extend its efforts to the village level. Decentralising to villages is intended to improve service delivery performance at the lowest administrative tier and reduce social inequality and poverty. A number of potential difficulties with the design of Indonesia's nascent village decentralisation initiative have already become apparent. Methods used to allocate funds to villages are particularly problematic. Oddly, fund distribution procedures insist to a large extent on equal per village allocations, despite the significant heterogeneity of villages. And they ignore other sources of revenue to which villages have access. In the event, village revenues will be very inequitably distributed: villages with high levels of poverty will receive less money than they need and villages with access to significant funding from oil and gas revenues will receive more than required. Also, village service responsibilities are unclearly defined, village financial management systems are inadequately prepared to handle large increases in funding, and mechanisms to monitor and control village spending are underdeveloped. These difficulties will severely constrain the achievement of official objectives and create further challenges for reformers in their attempts to combat corruption at the subnational level. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method

In recent years, a widespread consensus has emerged about the necessity of establishing bridges between quantitative and qualitative approaches to empirical research in political science. In this article, we discuss the use of the synthetic control method as a way to bridge the quantitative/qualitative divide in comparative politics. The synthetic control method provides a systematic way to choose comparison units in comparative case studies. This systematization opens the door to precise quantitative inference in small‐sample comparative studies, without precluding the application of qualitative approaches. Borrowing the expression from Sidney Tarrow, the synthetic control method allows researchers to put “qualitative flesh on quantitative bones.” We illustrate the main ideas behind the synthetic control method by estimating the economic impact of the 1990 German reunification on West Germany.     

A Silver‐Stain Modification of Standard Histological Slide Preparation for Use in Anthropology Analyses

The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required.     

A Simple Digestion Method with a Lefort Aqua Regia Solution for Diatom Extraction

Presence of diatoms in tissues has been considered as a significant sign of drowning. However, there are limitations in the present extraction methods. We developed a new digestion method using the Lefort aqua regia solution (3:1 nitric acid to hydrochloric acid) for diatom extraction and evaluated the digestive capability, diatom destruction, and diatoms' recovery of this new method. The kidney tissues from rabbit mixed with water rich in diatoms were treated by the Lefort aqua regia digestion method (n = 10) and the conventional acid digestion method (n = 10). The results showed that the digestive capability of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method (p < 0.01); the structure of diatom remained almost intact; and the recovery of diatom was comparable to the conventional acid digestion method (p > 0.05). The Lefort aqua regia reagent is an improvement over the conventional acid digestion for recovery of diatoms from tissue samples.     

理性的失落——对"器官异位案"的理性思考

法律对于理性人的假设,使法官在疑难案件的裁判中举步维艰。但任何一个具有正义感的法官都不应屈服于人类的有限理性。突破理论与实践中意识形态的束缚,创造性地适用法律并以此实现个案正义,是法官的必须选择。     

桂林西瓜霜微生物限度检查方法的研究

目的:消除桂林西瓜霜在微生物限度检查中的抑菌作用.方法:桂林西瓜霜经离心和薄膜过滤处理后,采用贴膜法进行微生物限度检查.结果:此方法加大肠杆菌的回收率为82.6%,加白色念珠菌的回收率为90.9%,3种控制菌的阳性对照均成立.结论:与现行的法定标准比较,该方法能更好地消除桂林西瓜霜的抑菌作用,得到的结果更为准确、可靠.     

对民事诉讼举证责任若干问题的思考

笔者以纵、横比较的方法界定了民事诉讼中举证责任的概念;论证了举证责任在诉讼过程中的不可转移性;提出了以法律要件分类说指导举证责任分配的原则,以及采用实体法为主承载举证责任分配规范立法体例的建议。     

对提高政府行政行为的正价值途径的思考

政府行为是依法行使的一种国家行政权力行为,涉及到广大人民群众的根本利益,需要严格地按照规范的工作程序进行,特别是政府的重大行为、原则行为必须按照一定的程序进行,尤其是要按照法律规定的权限行事,在国家法律许可和保障的条件下运行,这样才能确保政府行为实现调控社会的管理职能。