Trade‐Offs,Limitations, and Promises of Big Data in Social Science Research

The promise of “big data” is a grand one. The collection and aggregation of massive datasets and the development of analytical tools by which to study these data is part of cutting‐edge efforts across scientific disciplines, with social, behavioral, and economic sciences leading the way in many of these efforts. There has been a recent rise in National Science Foundation funding for “big data” research across directorates that coincides with scholarly, public, and governmental attention to the topic. Nonetheless, there are limitations and trade‐offs to “big data” research, particularly as it corresponds to scientific modes of inquiry and the limited range of topics that fall under its umbrella, that must be recognized and incorporated into the general understanding of its long‐term promise.     

警察体能及训练

良好的体能不仅是警察与犯罪分子较量时所必备基本能力,同时也直接影响着警察实战技能的发挥及其在执法活动中的应用效果。体能在警察实战中具有不可替代的作用,不仅是掌握各种警务技战术的基础,也是在擒拿格斗及追逐中、直接决定这些行为结果的重要基础。本文综述了国内外公认、行之有效的体能训练方法,希望能为警察从事体能训练提供有益的参考。     

对深化财税体制改革,实现“收入倍增”计划的几点思考

该文围绕十八大提出的"收入倍增"目标,分析了目前中国国民收入分配的现状,并从深化财税体制改革的角度,提出了优化中国收入分配格局的建议。     

浅谈大学英语词汇教学方法

本文通过对英语词汇教学的历史发展和大学英语词汇教学存在的问题,探讨了英语词教学方法的发展趋势,分析、介绍了词汇教学方法的趣味性和多样化,总结和归纳了科学规律法、趣味法等一些英语诃汇教学方法.     

日本功能性限定专利权利要求研究

在专利权利要求中采用功能性记载,往往存在含义模糊、由字面意义确定的技术范围过大等问题,功能性记载的解释方法也成为各国专利授权、确权程序及侵权诉讼程序中的难点问题。日本自1994年特许法修改之后,包括机械等传统强调在权利要求中采用结构性记载的领域中,都出现了大量采用功能性记载的权利要求,并实际获得了授权。文章对日本功能性限定权利要求的记载要求和解释方法进行研究,试图为中国相关规则的完善提供参考。     

五点定位法针刀治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的 观察五点定位法针刀治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效.方法 将符合诊断标准的60例患者随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组30例,对照组采取经典定位法,治疗组采取五点定位法进行针刀治疗,观察并比较两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(Weste...     

Evidence for the crime drop: survey findings from two Finnish cities between 1992 and 2013

In this article, results from self-report studies in two Finnish cities, Helsinki and Turku, are presented. The aims are to compare the prevalence of youth crime between these cities and changes in delinquency during the observation period. In Helsinki, the surveys took place in 1992, 2006 and 2013, and in Turku, the surveys took place in 1992, 2001, and 2013. With the exception of the Turku 2001 survey, all datasets have been collected under the auspices of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD). The most recent survey, ISRD3, targeted comprehensive school pupils from grades 7–9 (ages 13–16), while some of the former studies excluded 7th and/or 8th grades. The results show that (1) the delinquency rates are generally higher in Helsinki than in Turku and (2) the prevalence of both property- and violence-related crimes has decreased, while drug use manifested fluctuating or increasing trends. Overall, the findings are consistent with the observation that there has been a relatively general crime drop in the Western world since the 1990s.     

六味地黄汤通过树突状细胞Notch信号通路调节T细胞分化干预自身免疫性脑脊髓炎

目的 通过观察树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)Notch信号通路对CD4+T细胞分化的影响,探究六味地黄汤干预实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyeli-tis,EAE)的机制.方法 采用主动免疫法诱导2D2小鼠EAE模型,采用磁珠分选收集...     

三维街景地图在多道仪测试中的应用研究

多道仪测试中的证据探索类测试,在国外常借助地图予以实施,这被称为地图测试法。本文使用三维街景地图替代传统的平面图,取得了明显的成效。在一起重大杀人焚尸扬灰案测试中,为了寻找3年前被抛洒的死者骨灰,作者利用三维街景地图,既改进完善了传统地图测试法,又将街景地图测试的形式推广至情节测试。结果显示,较之图片测试法和视频测试法,三维街景地图测试对被测人更生动形象,刺激效果更好,测试结果令人满意。     

国内外碳足迹研究进展述评

在全球气候变化的宏观语境下,“碳足迹”成为公共生活领域中的一个热门术语.然而,学术界对碳足迹的概念内涵、测算方法、衡量单位及适用范围等的理解尚未形成统一意见.本文首先对国内外学术界关于碳足迹的概念内涵进行梳理和述评,从终端消费和全生命周期两个方面界定碳足迹,以此与“生态足迹”、“碳排放”等术语相区别;其次,从产品、家庭、企业及类似组织、城市和区域、国家和地区等不同尺度对碳足迹的研究进行综述,比较了碳足迹测度的不同方法和标准,发现“自下而上”的生命周期评价和“自上而下”的投入产出分析方法适用于不同的研究尺度;最后,对进一步的研究方向做了展望,指出应尽快明确碳足迹的概念内涵,避免泛化和滥用,并尝试构建一种综合性的碳足迹测度方法.