Monopoly defeating mechanisms: Will they function in the digital world?

History reveals that ‘copyright’ was originally monopolistic (in the early fifteenth century) and remained so until the enactment of the Statute of Anne in 1709. Since then copyright has striven to maintain a delicate balance between incentive to authors and avoiding monopolistic stagnation. To achieve these goals, certain monopoly-defeating mechanisms have been adopted such as: fair use, public domain, the idea/expression dichotomy and the exhaustion doctrine. Recently, however, with the implementation of new laws: for instance the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1988), the EU Copyright Directive (2001), and the implementation of the EU Copyright and Related Rights Regulation amending the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988, there is a growing concern that the mechanisms which were enacted to defeat the monopoly will not work in the digital medium. With the provision of affixing technological measures to copyrighted works and the non-application of the exhaustion doctrine in the digital world, arguably the monopoly defeating mechanisms have been disabled. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the way monopoly defeating mechanisms are becoming non-functional in the digital world. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates how the European Copyright Directive and the UK implementation of the Directive has transgressed the boundary of exclusive rights set by the two World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties – the World Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performers and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) – and copyright law, thereby strengthening the copyright owner's rights in a way that was never intended by the WIPO treaties or by copyright law. Consequently, the new laws have also shifted copyright's attention from commercial pirates to non-commercial individual users. The study aims to demonstrate how the shift took place and finally, trace the recurrence of the monopoly; giving rise to a situation where there is no fair use/dealing, no public domain, no idea/expression distinction and no exhaustion doctrine.     

析中国民族学北派和南派的学术倾向--以吴文藻、杨成志为例

中国民族学界在20世纪三四十年代就有了"北吴南杨"之说.北学派的代表人物吴文藻和南学派的代表人物杨成志虽求学、治学和教学经历不同,学术倾向各异,但他们对中国民族学的贡献都非常突出.比较和分析南北两派,凸显其与学派的关系,客观地看待两个学派的学术传统,师其所长,大有裨益,同时,有助于中国民族学研究的发展定向.     

论国际组织在内国法院的豁免权

作为国际法的主体,政府间国际组织在一国国内享有相应的特权与豁免。与国家主权豁免不同,国际组织豁免的主要理论依据是职能必要理论,这不仅体现在有关的国际法文件中,也体现在国内法中。国际组织在内国法院的豁免权问题,具有国际、国内双重性质,涉及到国际法在内国法的适用问题。同时,职能必要也是内国法院判定国际组织豁免权的重要标准,多数国际组织在内国法院一般享有绝对豁免权。     

仪式变迁:地方化与全球化

在全球化的潮流中,地方社会传统的信仰与仪式也必然随之变迁。这些变迁可以看作是地方在与国家和全球的环境互动中进行的行为模式的调整,以能符合时代与国家的要求,同时又能满足自己或社区的整合需求的选择。地方性的信仰与仪式操演结合国家的在场实现了这种变迁,又或者加以保护和改造,在全球化的语境中演化成了非物质文化遗产。这也正是费孝通先生所指出的全球体系之中的地方或族群在文化全球化中表现出的同质性与异质性的二元特点。     

关于北京金融功能区建设的初步探索

本文对金融功能区这一概念进行了界定,在对西城区金融街和朝阳区CBD这两个金融功能区进行实证分析的基础上,指出了存在着资源整合利用不够、规划指导不到位,主导产业不突出、政策支持不到位,产业配套设施不完善、金融发展环境有待优化等问题,提出了统筹规划、合理布局,整合首都优势资源、发展总部经济,加强配套设施建设、优化发展环境等建议。     

在地化关怀、国际化视野、协同化精神——台湾的文化研究特点分析

台湾的文化研究发展有年,呈现出在地化关怀、国际化视野、协同化精神的特点。在地化关怀是台湾文化研究的根本特质,与国际化视野及协同化精神是紧密联系在一起的,它们共同建构了台湾文化研究独立的问题意识和自我主体位置,并对台湾社会产生了深远的影响。这些对我们大陆本土的文化研究有着重要的借鉴意义。     

中国文化背景下的社会工作赋权:文化相关性与本土化策略

赋权是社会工作领域的重要概念和实务方法。在中国文化背景下对案主进行赋权需要充分考量中西文化的差异,采取具有文化相关性的本土化策略。我国传统文化中的"赋权""权利""道法自然""无为"等思想与西方文化中的"个人主义""权利"观念存在显著区别。由此,在对个体进行赋权过程中应检视个体自我意识与家族意识的关系,对个体进行赋权的同时应强调案主的主体性。此外,通过引导案主觉察自身所处的客观环境,提高他们的自我意识、注意力与移情能力,在此基础上承担自我责任,进而推动问题的解决。     

A Study on Localization Narrative of History Novels in the New Period

Since the May 4th movement, Chinese New Literature localization and nationalization of the task did not complete, narrative from traditional literature presents the obvious fracture. In the new period historical novels and actively explore the localization of narrative: narrative style from the historical biography and kingdoms; the second is the narrative theme inheriting classical motif; the third is the ancient writings in classical style of narrative language use, inheriting and developing traditional narrative construct with national characteristics of the history novels, and becomes art model of in the context of globalization.     

Who Governs and How? Non-State Actors and Transnational Governance in Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT

This special issue focuses on transnational governance, essentially cross-border networked forms of co-ordination in which non-state, or private, actors play important or leading roles in providing standards, rules and practices that other actors voluntarily abide by. While not denying the pre-eminent role of the state in governance, we nonetheless believe there is an under-estimation of transnational governance in Southeast Asia and the varied governance role played by non-state actors that go beyond that of simply acting as pressure or advisory groups lobbying or advising states and regional organisations. We provide five different case studies that explore in detail the varied governance roles played by non-state actors using the common analytical framework set out in this introduction. The case studies reveal interesting variations in the architecture of transnational governance, why they emerge, the modes of social co-ordination through which they work to shape actor behaviour and achieve impact, their normative implications, and how these governance schemes intersect with the state and national regulatory frameworks. This special issue, thus, highlights the variegated architecture of governance in this region in which non-state actors play substantial governance roles regulating the conduct of other actors.     

《论党》与马克思主义中国化

马克思主义中国化是中国共产党成立以来几代人为之奋斗的一项伟大事业。刘少奇作为第一代领导集体的主要成员,以独特的视角从党建方面对马克思主义中国化作出了创新性的贡献,这一贡献集中体现在1945年七大作的《关于修改党章的报告》。《论党》以阐述党章的形式对党的性质、党建理论、毛泽东思想的科学内涵、群众路线等作了系统总结,成为中国化马克思主义建党理论的一次重大飞跃。