The young and the restless: housing access in the critical years

Abstract

How do governmental housing policies affect the ability of young people to exit the parental home? This paper makes three claims. First and most important, governments that create accessible and liquid mortgage markets make it easier for young people to launch from the parental home. Second, even in those countries with more liquid housing markets, younger generations today still have an increasingly difficult time realising their preferences compared to prior generations. Third, increasing income and wealth inequality interacts with housing markets to create this uneven playing field both within and across generations. This paper examines these relationships in 20 high-income OECD countries. Fewer adult children live in the parental home in countries with deep mortgage markets, high levels of social rented housing, tax relief for ownership, low buyers' transaction costs and high residential mobility. These countries cut across the traditional housing regime typologies, highlighting the need for additional housing-specific theory building.     

Inconsistency between educational attainment and literacy: The case of Russia

From the moment when wide spread of large scale assessments in sociology and economics began, the most commonly used indicators of peoples’ qualifications are the number of years spent in education and the possession of a high school/college/university diploma. But what if these formal indicators are unreliable under certain conditions and do not reflect actual literacy and competency of people? This article, drawing on data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), questions accuracy of the basic educational indicators in Russia. There is a linear relationship between the possession of a formal graduation diploma and the measurement of PIAAC literacy of the able-bodied population in OECD countries, including the Eastern European ones. However, the analysis shows that in Russia there is an inconsistency between literacy and formal educational status. This fact in itself casts doubt on the effectiveness of formal education indicators in Russia. The social implications resulting from this inconsistency become apparent through an international comparison of research results. These ill effects have been documented in the areas of employment, education and social reproduction and in the social self-awareness of the Russian people.     

Examining the blue line in the rainbow: the interactions and perceptions of law enforcement among lesbian,gay, bisexual,transgender and queer communities

ABSTRACT

Despite the fact that LGBTQ individuals are at greater risk of victimization than the average citizen, the LGBTQ community’s relationship with law enforcement has been a turbulent one. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, semi-structured interviews and observations of town hall meetings, and following the participatory action research framework, this study examines the interactions between the LGBTQ community and law enforcement, and the perceptions of police within the LGBTQ community. The current study demonstrates how members of the LGBTQ community continue to have negative experiences with police that adversely impact their perceptions of law enforcement. Moreover, the findings underline the importance of examining how multiple identities impact an individual’s experiences with and their perceptions of law enforcement. Expanding past research on this topic, this study offers an analysis based upon suggestions of the study’s participants of what steps must be taken in order to improve relations between these two groups.     

“Women’s Inhumanity Towards Women?” Treatment of Female Crime Suspects by Female Officers of the Nigerian Police

This article presents findings from a new qualitative study of female offenders’ interactions with Nigerian policewomen. Against the position of policing literature and feminists and gender advocates that abusive treatment of female arrestees is a function of policemen’s misconduct, this study exposes the active roles played by policewomen in inflicting violence on female detainees. We argue therefore that the mere increase in number and participation of policewomen in the criminal justice system will not address the violent treatment of female suspects; rather, the restructuring of the power dynamics in the police that currently subjects policewomen to the definitions, acceptance, and approval of male-dominant superiors is required.     

Over and above Gender Differences in Cyberbullying: Relationship of Gender Typicality to Cyber Victimization and Perpetration in Adolescents

ABSTRACT

The present study used a unique measure of self-perceived gender typicality to better examine the association of gender with cyber victimization and perpetration. Participants were 297 adolescent males and females recruited from independent schools in grade 8 (M_age = 13.8) and grade 10 (M_age = 15.8) who completed a self-report survey. Multiple regression analyses revealed that only for males, high other-gender typicality and low same-gender typicality were associated with high cyber victimization, but when same-gender typicality was high there was no association. Independent associations of same- and other-gender typicality with cyber perpetration were present only for males. Findings highlight that the importance of considering same- and other-gender typicality for adolescent boys’ engagement in cyberbullying.     

Prevention From Afar: Gendering Resilience and Sustaining Hope in Post-UNMIL Liberia

ABSTRACT

This article argues that resilience programmes in conflict-affected areas of limited statehood could be understood as much as an effort to equip vulnerable populations with tools to mitigate the effects of poverty, discrimination, lack of opportunities and manage gender inequalities than as an opportunity for the international community to prolong their interventions, consolidate local partnerships and sustain hope. We demonstrate our argument through an examination of the implementation in post-UNMIL Liberia of the ‘Spotlight Initiative’, a new multi-year multi-million programme of the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) focused on the complete elimination of harmful practices and violence against women.     

性别排挤与平等追求的博奕——以女性劳动权益保障与男性家庭责任意识为视角

无论在公共领域,还是在私人领域,均存在着性别排挤与平等追求的博奕。人类社会进入后工业文明之后,这种博奕集中表现为女性劳动权益保障和男性家庭责任承担的博奕。女性劳动权益保障在公共领域直接表现为企业社会责任的承担,在私人领域则直接表现为男性家庭责任的承担。企业社会责任的承担在于女性劳动权益的救济——强化男女平等精神,强化内部管理机制、强化劳动保障意识、强化社会监管体系。男性家庭责任的承担在于女性家庭权益的救济——强化社会性别意识、强化性别平等观念、强化发展资源共享。当女性劳动权益保障与男性家庭责任承担紧密共融、相互促进之时,就是男女两性的实质平等和男女两性的充分解放之时。     

从性别视角看’95世妇会以来中国妇女反贫困事业进展

1995年第四次世界妇女大会在中国的筹备和召开,促使社会性别视角逐渐被引入中国妇女反贫困事业,中国政府和非政府组织致力于在消除贫困中实现性别平等,制定和实施有利于消除妇女贫困的战略规划和妇女减贫政策,积极开展有针对性的支持妇女减贫活动,妇女贫困问题明显缓解,中国妇女反贫困事业取得显著进展。但问题和挑战依然存在,特别是将社会性别纳入反贫困的决策主流仍将是一个长期的任务。     

性别气质与性别霸权——对康奈尔男性气概相关理论的再思考

1995年，康奈尔在性别研究领域提出了“多样性男性气概”及“支配性男性气概”的概念及框架，但却缺少对于“女性气质”相关概念的适应性研究；我们将朱迪斯·巴特勒的性别矩阵理论引入康奈尔的理论框架，从而在新的框架中，使“男性气概”与“女性气质”不仅相互区别而且相互补充；而异性恋欲望则成为性别矩阵中联结“男性气概”与“女性气质...     

Millions of Small Battles: The Peronist Resistance in Argentina

This article studies the working‐class clandestine political organisation known as the Peronist resistance. Created after Argentine President Juan Perón was overthrown in 1955, the resistance movement was much more than a reaction to the limitations imposed on the organisation of unions. It signalled the birth of a new paradigm of political and cultural resistance firmly anchored in the household and the neighbourhood. Looking into the cultural dimensions of violence, the study shows how violence functioned as a creative force, producing transformations in political agency and cultural practices that reached into the Peronist household and shaped mourning rituals and the politics of martyrdom.