DISTINGUISHING FACTS AND ARTIFACTS IN GROUP-BASED MODELING*

Group-based methodology (SPGM) has been presented as suitable to test for the existence of subpopulations not directly observable. Several criminological studies have used this methodology, and it is fair to say that typological theorizing has been spurred by its development. In particular, much of the empirical support for Moffitt's taxonomy (1993, 2006) is from studies using SPGM. In a small simulation experiment, I investigate whether SPGM is suitable for such tests, and I examine the extent to which similar trajectories might equally well result from mechanisms suggested by general theories. I conclude that, as it is usually applied, SPGM cannot provide evidence either for or against a taxonomy and that the usual findings can be explained by competing theories. I argue that this result is not only because of the methodology characteristics but also because of the modeling strategy applied.     

论经济紧急状态下国家紧急权的宪法保障

在经济危机的影响下,经济紧急状态的问题越来越引起人们的关注。在经济紧急状态下,国家紧急权采用宪法直接保障的立法模式是建设宪政国家的必然要求,把国家紧急权直接规范于宪法,即便在经济紧急状态之下,也不得超越宪法而随意扩大国家权力,这是宪政主义在国家紧急权上的基本要求,也是我国国家紧急权立法模式的路径选择。     

Erdoğan’s presidential regime and strategic legalism: Turkish democracy in the twilight zone

ABSTRACT

President Erdo?an and the AKP government initiated a comprehensive restoration process immediately after the failed coup in mid-July 2016. In fact, the country has been experiencing a very comprehensive and violent regime transformation since this time. I assert that recent political developments paved the way for institutionalization of a ‘plebiscitary presidential regime’ that depends on a particular combination of supreme power of the leader, an extremely weak parliament, and elections of a plebiscitary character. In this context, the paper aims to shed light on the role of the new strategic legalism which allows rule of law to be replaced by a rule by law approach, the executive prerogative principle to be dominant, and the law to be used for demobilization, all playing a highly critical role in the suppression of democratic opposition.     

Justice in Health Care Decision-Making: Patients’ Appraisals of Health Care Providers and Health Plan Representatives

This study describes the development of two versions of a Health Care Justice Inventory (HCJI). One version focuses on patients interactions with their providers (HCJI-P) and the other focuses on patients interactions with the representatives of their health plans (HCJI-HP). Each version of the HCJI assesses patients appraisals of their interactions (with either their Provider or representatives of their Health Plan) along three common dimensions of procedural justice: Trust, Impartiality, and Participation. Both the Provider and Health Plan scales assess indices that are relatively independent of patients demographic characteristics. In addition, patients appraisals of their interactions with their provider were only moderately related to their appraisals of their interactions with representatives of their health plan, indicating that the Provider and Health Plan scales tap distinct aspects of patients overall experience with the health care system. Overall, procedural justice dimensions were significantly related to patient satisfaction in both the Provider and the Health Plan contexts. As predicted, procedural justice factors were more strongly tied to patient satisfaction in the Provider than in the Health Plan context, and health care decisions based on distributive justice principles of Need (rather than Equity or Equality) were most closely tied to patient satisfaction in both contexts.     

为全面建设农村小康社会创造良好人口环境

改善和优化农村人口环境是实现农村全面小康社会的重要因素。当前影响农村实现全面小康社会的 人口环境因素,主要是农村人口数量大,整体素质低,人口结构不合理。因此,必须稳定农村低生育水平;控制农村 人口数量;全面提高农村人口素质;促进农村劳动人口充分就业,增加收入;努力提高农村人口与计划生育工作的 管理和服务水平。     

公安院校民警教育培训运作机制探索

目前,民警教育培训工作存在滞后于治安形势发展的问题,公安院校应从教学计划改革、师资队伍建设、课堂教学改革、管理体制改革四方面入手,建立新的民警教育培训运作机制。     

公安应急处置机制建设研究

为了对突发事件进行全过程、全方位的应急处置,我国公安机关的应急处置机制建设应该重视和加强以下工作:建立突发事件信息收集网络和分析中心,形成科学、灵敏的预警机制;建立以公安指挥中心为基础的指挥机制;建立高效的应急协调机制;建立公安应急公关机制;建立应急管理学习机制;完善应急处置的法律体系.     

紧急状态下公民基本权利的限制与保障

在紧急状态下,国家必须行使紧急权力以维护公共利益,恢复社会秩序,因此紧急权力对公民基本权利作一定的限制是必要的,但由于国家权力的扩张性使然,必须同时对紧急权力加以限制,以使对公民基本权利的限制保持在合理限度内,这样才能真正使公民的权利得到保障.     

完善《反不正当竞争法》一般条款的思考

市场经济的发展对竞争法律制度的完善提出了更高的要求。我国《反不正当竞争法》中一般条款的欠缺使该法不能很好地适应新的情况。应在我国《反不正当竞争法》中设定一个定义性规范和授权性规范相结合的一般条款,同时设立相应的法律责任条款,并明确执法机关认定不正当竞争行为的程序,确保市场主体的合法权益不被侵犯。     

广义城市生态安全初探

随着城市化的进程不断加快,学术界对城市生态安全的重视程度也日益增强。基础型和传统型城市生态安全理论完全围绕自然生态安全,鲜有从城市经济生态安全、城市社会生态安全角度进行探讨。本文以城市自然生态安全为基本立足点,拓展了城市生态安全的定义和范畴,提出广义城市生态安全的概念,并对城市经济和社会生态安全进行了探讨。