The Unscientific Determinants of Voting on a Controversial Scientific Issue: An Evaluation of Biofuels Policy in the U.S. Congress

Whether allegiance to party or the preferences of constituents are most important in an elected representative's voting decision has been a long‐running question in political science. This study contributes to this debate through an evaluation of biofuels policy in the U.S. Congress. Results indicate that in this policy area the House and Senate balance these influences differently, with partisanship playing a significant role in the House but not in the Senate. Analysis of voting on this issue indicates that there are important distinctions between how a legislator views the overall partisan preferences of constituents in their district or state versus how they view the interests of particular groups of constituents; when the concentration of agricultural interests in a legislator's district or state is great enough, it can override the effects of party for this issue, which suggests that legislators are especially concerned with specific constituency groups in their district or state that would stand to gain or lose from a policy. The proposition that a legislator is most likely to do that which benefits him or her most regardless of the available science relevant to a policy is a useful starting point for understanding what has been found in this research project.     

“垄断福利”的负面效应与治理路向

"垄断福利"本质上也是一种腐败。"垄断福利"现象的滋生、蔓延与扩散,造成了系列的负面效应,扭曲了资源的合理配置,影响了社会的公平正义,加剧了社会的矛盾集聚,阻碍了和谐社会的进程。要彻底遏制和消除"垄断福利"腐败,必须从根源上找寻破解之道,治理必须从垄断本身切入,标本兼治,强化监督,注重长效。一是追本溯源,深入探析"垄断福利"的滋生机理;二是引入竞争,彻底铲除"垄断福利"的生存土壤;三是多管齐下,全面建构"垄断福利"的监管机制。     

Citizenship agendas,urban governance and social housing in the Netherlands: an assemblage approach

This article combines recent conceptualizations of citizenship beyond the nation state with new perspectives on governance assemblages comprising both state and non-state actors. Focusing on Dutch social housing, this study explores how such governance assemblages produce agendas that attempt to shape citizenship. Employing an assemblage approach, this study first demonstrates how state and non-state actors amalgamate by providing a historical overview of the urban governance of social housing in the Netherlands. Second, taking account of the territory that the assemblage claims, it shows how underprivileged neighbourhoods become the spatial locus of these assemblages. Third, examining what this amalgam produces, the article shows how the assemblage imposes a citizenship agenda on the population of these neighbourhoods, distinguishing between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ citizens. Acknowledging that citizenship agendas are produced by a multifaceted amalgam of state and non-state actors, this article emphasizes the need for rigorous academic analysis of such governance assemblages.     

多元社会治理中政府主导作用探析

在多元复合治理体系的建设中,既需要以社会组织为代表的社会力量发挥主体作用,更需要政府发挥主导作用。政府在社会治理中的主导作用,不仅是对传统社会管理方式的自我扬弃,而且是对新的社会治理方式的积极创新,但目前对这个问题的研究还很不够。为此,就迫切需要正确认识和把握政府在多元社会治理中主导作用的科学性内涵、理论合理性和现实必要性等。对政府在多元社会治理中主导作用的探索与研究,对创新社会治理体系、提高社会治理水平、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化等,均具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

对农传播中的农民权益问题:基于受众本位论的分析

我国对农传播中农村居民的受众角色与地位一直是人们关注和探讨的问题。从受众本位论的角度来看,农村居民的受众角色获得及受众权利保障既具有可能性又具有必要性。在目前我国对农传播中农村居民受众角色缺席的背后,实际上是媒体责任和政府义务的双重缺位。承认且保障农村居民受众权利,本质上是对其公民权和公共物品选择权的尊重。实行多元治理与商业逻辑的协商与共谋,是确立农村居民受众地位和提高对农传播效果的必然之路。     

Crisis intervention team officer dispatch, assessment, and disposition: Interactions with individuals with severe mental illness

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model is a specialized police response program for people in a mental illness crisis. We analyzed 2174 CIT officers' reports from one community, which were completed during a five year period. These officers' reports described interactions with people presumed to be in a mental illness crisis. We used hierarchical logistic and multinomial regression analyses to compare transport to treatment to either transport to jail or no transport by how the calls were dispatched. The results revealed that both dispatch codes and officers' on-scene assessments influenced transport decisions. Specifically, calls dispatched as suspected suicide were more likely to be transported to treatment than calls dispatched as mental disturbance. Furthermore, calls dispatched as calls for assistance, disturbance, suspicious person, assault, suspicion of a crime, and to meet a citizen were all less likely than mental disturbance calls to result in transportation to treatment. Officer assessments of the use of substances, being off medications, signs and symptoms of mental or physical illness, and violence to self or others were associated with the likelihood of being transported to treatment. These results build on previous work that demonstrated differences in transport decisions between CIT trained and non-CIT trained officers.     

法律规避下的契约私人治理研究——以建筑工程违法分包现象为切入点

建筑工程违法分包现象一直是社会关注的焦点问题。面对这些现象频繁引发的安全事故和社会纠纷,理论界和实务界在考虑法律对策的时候,不仅需要从外部视角研究如何强化法律实施机制,如进一步细化立法、增强法律监督、提高当事人责任标准等;而且也需要从内部视角研究违法分包契约当事人如何在规避法律情形下完成契约私人治理,因为正是这些契约私人治理机制促使违法分包当事人得以逃避法律监督进而实现不法目的。简言之,对于违法现象的治理,我们首先应当主动深入敌后,了解违法者的内部堡垒,之后才能对现有法律机制的缺陷进行反思,最终有针对性的制定解决问题的对策。     

农村基层治理机制的创新实践与启示——基于浙江仙居横溪镇村干部"创业积分制"的调研

农村基层组织是党的工作和战斗力的基础。在新形势下,如何在总结各地实践经验的基础上,进一步完善符合中国国情的农村基层治理机制显得尤为迫切。而浙江仙居横溪镇的村干部创业积分制,就是在乡镇党委政府主导下,充分发挥农民主体参与动力以实现村两委(干部)主动创业的互动参与式乡村治理运行机制的构建。在多年的实践中,实现了乡镇党委政府赢信任、村两委(干部)创业绩、村民得实惠的多赢格局,发展了农村经济,维护了农村社会稳定。因此,这种植根于乡土社会的实践探索,无疑可以为中国乡村善治之路的理论资源和政治智慧的积累提供经验借鉴和实践样本。     

创新企业融资模式助推吉林经济发展

资金是企业发展的血液,要振兴经济,就必须提供资金支持,建立良好的融资体系。本文认为,目前吉林省的融资模式仍存在着融资模式单一,上存资金多,直接融资比重低等问题。因此,政府、金融机构和企业自身要共同努力,积极采取措施,创新融资模式,拓宽融资渠道,以推动吉林经济的全面发展。     

United We Stand? Governance Challenges for the United Kingdom Coalition

Coalition government is an unfamiliar experience for Whitehall and Westminster. All actors are still adapting to the rules of this new political game. A number of governance challenges confront the United Kingdom's Conservative‐Liberal Democrat coalition. It must strike a balance between the visions of two distinct parties and blend these into a coherent strategy for government. Like any government, it will expect to resolve most differences internally and then to show a united face to the world. Effective consultation and dispute‐resolution processes within the executive will therefore be at a premium. But the separate political identities of the two parties also need to be preserved, and sufficient resources must be provided to each side within the government to enable this to happen. This article assesses the response of the coalition to these challenges in its first six months and draws lessons from relevant international experience.