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141.
石峰 《陕西行政学院学报》2005,19(1)
提高行政决策的水平和决策效率,实现行政决策的科学化、民主化,关 键在于改革和完善行政决策体制,提高政府的回应能力。知识经济的发展,要求建立行 政决策回应机制。我国行政决策回应机制建设的基本路径:一是要树立"与民决策"和 "让民决策"的观念,二是要加强回应制度建设,三是要加强回应载体建设。 相似文献
142.
Using one mock trial scenario, this study investigated whether religious and demographic factors were related to death penalty
attitudes and sentencing verdicts. Those who favored the death penalty differed from those who had doubts about the penalty
in gender, affiliation, fundamentalism, evangelism, literal Biblical interpretism, beliefs about God’s attitudes toward murders,
and perceptions of how their religious groups felt about the death penalty. These relationships generally held after mock
jurors were death qualified. Gender, fundamentalism, literal interpretism, beliefs about God’s death penalty position, and
perceptions of how one’s religious group felt about the death penalty predicted death penalty sentencing verdicts. Future
research could determine whether using peremptory challenges to exclude potential jurors based on religion can help lawyers
choose a more favorable jury.
The present research was supported by the National Science Foundation award number 0351811, the Society for the Psychological
Study of Social Issues, the American Psychology-Law Society, and the University of Nebraska Law-Psychology Program. This research
was presented at the 2006 conference of the American Psychology-Law Society. The authors are grateful for the research assistance
of Nick Fanning and Beth Herschlag and for the helpful comments from Brian Bornstein, Rich Wiener, Bob Schopp, Dick Dienstbier,
and several anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
143.
周冬梅 《北京政法职业学院学报》2011,(3):76-82
职务犯罪案件审查决定逮捕权"上提一级",是加强自身监督、规范检察权行使、促进检察工作科学发展的重要内容。改革后取得了强化监督的效果,但也暴露办案期限紧张、附条件逮捕缺乏法律依据、听取律师意见程序有待细化、不服逮捕缺乏救济等问题。因此有必要进行立法建言和制度改进,使改革措施落到实处,在惩治腐败与保障人权间寻求最佳平衡。 相似文献
144.
145.
This research seeks to understand influences on local government integrity development as a control of corruption. Using survey data from public managers in local governments in The Netherlands, Serbia, Montenegro, and the United States, we examined three main areas: integrity policy, leadership, and organizational ethical climate. An important finding was that integrity policy comes from an indirect leadership effect that remains focused on a structural response as the primary source of ethical reasoning more than normative control. Clarity of decisions, consistency in the process of decision-making, and support for anticorruption efforts can be enhanced with a balanced approach to corruption control. 相似文献
146.
Mary Brewster 《Victims & Offenders》2016,11(3):455-481
Most researchers point to the death of Kitty Genovese in 1964 as the genesis of interest in studying bystander response to crime (Laner, Benin, & Ventrone, 2001; Levine, Cassidy, Brazier, & Reicher, 2002; Moriarty, 1975; Schwartz & Gottlieb, 1980). Since then, researchers have examined the role of situational variables and of victim, perpetrator, and bystander characteristics on whether or not bystander intervention occurs. In the present study, the researchers used a factorial design to determine whether the self-reported likelihood of bystander intervention and type of intervention (passive/active) varied by the location of the offense, time constraints, and bystander characteristics (e.g., height/weight, self-defense training, and life-saving training). Results suggest that gender, race, location of offense, self-defense training, and height and weight play a role in self-reported bystander behavior. An interaction between gender, location of offense, and self-defense training was also evident. 相似文献
147.
目的 应用分辨矩阵法对慢性支气管炎辨证要素进行约简。方法 对100例慢性支气管炎患者的口唇、发热、呼吸、脉、舌、苔、咳、痰8个决策属性进行初步数字化、数据预处理和试探性挖掘,以得到最简规则。结果 在决策属性的约简中,脉、舌、痰共同构成知识的核,口唇、呼吸两个决策属性被约简。结论 应用分辨矩阵法可得到慢性支气管炎辨证分型的最小决策规则,可作为一种中医诊断数字化的新方法。 相似文献
148.
社区警务与社区治安控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
有效的社区治安控制是开展社区警务的根本目的。社区警务是否有效,取决于社区治安控制手段和目标的一致性。对社区治安的预测必须转化为社区警务的决策,才能为社区治安控制提供支撑,实现社区治安控制的目的。 相似文献
149.
David J. Brulé 《国际研究展望》2005,6(1):99-113
In an increasingly dangerous world, forecasting national leaders' decisions during crises is a central concern of policy analysts. But with a wide range of specific military responses available to leaders, pinpointing a likely decision can be difficult. This essay argues that the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making is a useful tool for aiding policy analysts in forecasting the decisions of national leaders. The theory's emphasis on a noncompensatory decision dimension facilitates the elimination of many of the possible decision alternatives, reducing uncertainty. Then, surviving alternatives are weighed against additional, nontrivial dimensions, producing a likely decision. As an illustrative case, I examine Carter's decision to implement the hostage rescue mission, demonstrating that Carter ruled out alternatives that failed to satisfy criteria on the noncompensatory decision dimension—reelection. The president's final choice was selected from the remaining alternatives according to its ability to simultaneously maximize net benefits with respect to military and strategic concerns. Following a comparison of the analysis with compensatory models of decision making, I suggest a general forecasting framework rooted in the poliheuristic theory. The theory can be applied to international crises provided that policy analysts obtain information concerning (1) the leader's noncompensatory decision criteria, (2) the set of alternatives that satisfy those criteria, and (3) the expected net benefits of the remaining alternatives on other dimensions (i.e., the military and strategic dimensions). 相似文献
150.
BRIAN D. JOHNSON 《犯罪学》2006,44(2):259-298
This study extends recent inquiries of contextual effects in sentencing by jointly examining the influence of judge and courtroom social contexts. It combines two recent years of individual sentencing data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS) with data on judicial background characteristics and county court social contexts. Three‐level hierarchical models are estimated to investigate the influence of judge and county contexts on individual variations in sentencing. Results indicate that nontrivial sentencing variations are associated with both individual judge characteristics and county court contexts. Judicial background factors also condition the influence of individual offender characteristics in important ways. These and other findings are discussed in relation to contemporary theoretical perspectives on courtroom decision making that highlight the importance of both judge and court contexts in sentencing. The study concludes with suggestions for future research on contextual disparities in criminal sentencing. 相似文献