Who Migrates? Tracking Gendered Access to Migration Within Households “In Flux” Across Time

ABSTRACT

In Indonesia, traditional gender ideals tend to depict men as legitimate migrants while women who move are deemed “out of place.” This male migrant-as-breadwinner household arrangement has been complicated in the past 30 years by gendered migration systems and practices in Asia that favor women. Drawing upon a household survey (N = 1,203) and in-depth interviews (N = 55), we use “time tracks” (Robertson, 2014 Robertson, S. (2014). The temporalities of international migration: Implications for ethnographic research. ICS Occasional Paper Series, 5(1), 1–16. [Google Scholar]) to interrogate gendered dynamics within the household “in flux” (Huijsmans, 2014 Huijsmans, R. (2014). Becoming a young migrant or stayer seen through the lens of “householding”: Households “in flux” and the intersection of relations of gender and seniority. Geoforum, 51, 294–304.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Foregrounding active negotiations within migrant households, we illustrate the continuously changing gender relations as they interact with, and respond to, the gendered migration systems and practices over time.     

Assessing Cognitive Bias in Forensic Decisions: A Review and Outlook

In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated that forensic examiners can be biased by task-irrelevant contextual information. However, concerns relating to methodological flaws and ecological validity attenuate how much the current body of knowledge can be applied to real-life operational settings. The current review takes a narrative approach to synthesizing the literature across forensic science. Further, the review considers three main issues: (i) primary research on contextual bias within forensic science; (ii) methodological criticisms of this research; (iii) an alternative perspective that task-irrelevant contextual information does not always lead to error. One suggestion for future research is outlined, which is that studies on contextual bias in forensic decisions should be conducted in collaboration between forensic scientists and cognitive psychologists. Only then can rigorous and ecological valid experiments be created that will be able to assess how task-irrelevant contextual information influences forensic analysis and judgments in operationally valid settings.     

论行政决定预告

行政决定预告是一项重要的行政程序制度。这一制度的理论基础是人性尊严和正当法律程序。行政决定预告的基本要素包括预告的期限、内容和方式。行政决定预告中若存在未为预告、预告失当或预告错误等瑕疵,将会产生不同的法律后果。     

我国警察行政处罚权的分阶段解析

以《治安管理处罚法》为样本，在警察行政处罚行为规范研究的基础上将我国警察行政处罚权分阶段解析为调查权、决定权和执行权，并以宪政理论的分权和制衡模式加以研究就能发现其权力属性上的模糊和含混。而只有含混中寻求清晰，方能为控制和规范警察行政处罚权提供可能。     

社区警务与社区治安控制

有效的社区治安控制是开展社区警务的根本目的。社区警务是否有效,取决于社区治安控制手段和目标的一致性。对社区治安的预测必须转化为社区警务的决策,才能为社区治安控制提供支撑,实现社区治安控制的目的。     

Validity Beliefs and Ideology Can Influence Legal Case Judgments Differently

Jurors sometimes enter a case both with prior beliefs about its likely validity and with more general ideologies that are relevant to the case. Although prior validity beliefs may serve as heuristics, directly biasing decisions when cognitive capacity is low, we hypothesized that ideology may bias systematic thought even when cognitive capacity is high. This experiment studied simulated individual juror decisions in a sex-discrimination case, measuring validity beliefs about such cases as well as feminist ideology, and exposing participants to 1 of 3 case versions under time pressure or no time pressure. Validity beliefs had a direct, heuristic impact on judgment only under time pressure. However, feminist ideology had a mediated influence on judgment via valenced thoughts about the evidence, even under no time pressure. Also, people with initially proplaintiff beliefs judged a woman's sex-discrimination suit more negatively than did prodefendants if the evidence was weak. The results suggest that when jurors can fully process information, validity expectancies might backfire if not supported by case evidence, but ideology can have a more pervasive influence on the decision-making process.     

村民自治内在机制重新法律定位探讨

村民自治的现时法律从《宪法》和《村民委员会组织法》两个层面对村民自治的内在机制进行了明确规定。但是这些规定存在缺陷,尤其是把"四个民主"权利等量齐观。对村民自治内在机制重新进行法律定位是必要的,可以考虑从宪法和基本法律(或者非基本法律)两个层面进行更新:界定村民自治的区域范围和对象范围———具有土地等自然资源集体所有权为限的区域和居住区域作为区域范围,"村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服务"作为对象范围;确立村民自治的基本原则———自治、直接民主、法治原则;以民主决策、民主管理制度为中心进行村民自治立法。     

我国行政决策回应机制建设途径探索

提高行政决策的水平和决策效率,实现行政决策的科学化、民主化,关 键在于改革和完善行政决策体制,提高政府的回应能力。知识经济的发展,要求建立行 政决策回应机制。我国行政决策回应机制建设的基本路径:一是要树立"与民决策"和 "让民决策"的观念,二是要加强回应制度建设,三是要加强回应载体建设。