The Market for Scientific Crime Prevention: A Comparative Study of Canada and Venezuela

Crime prevention is an activity that, sooner or later, requires the concourse of science. But the dictates of science may not mesh well with the social, institutional and political considerations that are persistent and powerful determinants of collective action. To the extent that they are ignored, crime prevention is less scientific and more pragmatic. Using a marketing metaphor, this paper examines selected aspects of the supply of and demand for scientific crime prevention in Canada and Venezuela from 1949 to the present. In both countries, academic entrepreneurs are revealed to be a necessary factor in the sale of crime prevention to government. On the demand side, governments adopt and adapt crime prevention policies in relation to their broader perspective on social problems and social change. However, rising crime rates and climates of urgency reduce the attractiveness of crime prevention. Scientific crime prevention is easier to sell when crime rates are stable or declining.     

地方治理理论的启示

地方治理理论作为研究公共事务的一个新的分析框架,是新兴的治理理论基本理念在地方政府层面的具体化。地方治理理论对于地方政府治理和改革实践,具有三个方面的重要启示:地方政府应当是公共服务的提供者、公共秩序的维护者、公共利益的保障者和公民参与的推动者;应当构建积极的公民资格,培育强烈的公民精神;应当逐步建立和完善公民参与网络,为地方治理的发展奠定坚实的基础。     

浅析破坏生产经营罪

破坏生产经营罪本身的构成要件含糊不明,加之为顺应我国经济体制的变化,使法律适应客观形式的发展,1997年刑法将破坏集体生产罪修改为破坏生产经营罪,并对之进行体系结构归属调整。但也为此使刑法学者对破坏生产经营罪产生诸多争议。如此罪侵犯的客体是单一客体,还是复杂客体。特别是此罪容易与其他相关犯罪混淆,给司法实践带来不便。通过重新界定生产经营的内涵、犯罪的目的等,对其进行合理的限制解释,并将其与一些极易混淆的犯罪加以比较,进一步明确此罪。     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

论经济法视野中的公共利益原则

公共利益一直以来都是法学的重要范畴,同时也是宪政、公共管理等领域所关注的重点。当公共利益作为现代国家干预市场主体行为的合法性基础与理由时,公共利益原则便构成了经济法的逻辑起点。经济法视野下公共利益原则的内涵、特征、边界及其与他法中的价值区分等问题都值得探讨,尤其在构建有限有效的法治政府目标更为迫切的中国实践中。     

心理应激与故意犯罪心理产生的关系

心理学的发展为预防和打击犯罪这一课题的研究提供了新的思考方向。心理应激是心理学的一个基本概念 ,可以从心理应激与犯罪心理产生之间的关系展开初步探讨 ,并进一步以案件为例加以印证。     

论邓小平的政府职能理论

邓小平的政府职能理论，是我国理论界尚未系统开掘的理论宝藏。本在对政府职能的涵义及其相关问题进行界定和解析的基础上，从邓小平关于政府职能的相关论述中，比较系统和深入地分析、归纳了邓小平政府职能理论的主要内容，以期为邓小平理论的研究工作作出自己的贡献。     

Crime Victimization: Assessing Differences Between Violent and Nonviolent Experiences

Experiencing a criminal victimization is among one of the most stressful human experiences. A cross-sectional study of victims of violent crime and victims of nonviolent crime suggests that there are statistically significant differences in experiences in the initial aftermath of the crime event and a few common effects. This article describes the common effects that are associated with criminal victimization in the context of intense distress and discusses the theoretical implications of well-being in the coping process. One hundred seventy-five victims of violent or nonviolent crime were interviewed. Implications for social work practice and theory and future research are delineated.     

掀开法律的男权主义面纱——对中国当代性犯罪立法的文化解读与批判

我国当代的性犯罪立法中还残留着许多男权主义的印记,具体表现为:受男主女从的文化影响,把强奸罪的实行主体限定为男子,受害人限定为女子;受生殖文化的影响,将强奸中性交的概念定义为男女生殖器的媾合;由于将强奸视为对男人权利的侵犯,因而对其引起的纠纷由国家垄断处理权.现行立法与社会现实存在着一定的矛盾,因此,立足中国现实,借鉴西方经验,改革我国现行的性犯罪立法是当务之急.     

路径依赖与转型经济中的政府作用——简析中俄改革初期的政府定位

不同经济转型国家的政府在推动本国制度转型中的作用大不相同,学界对各种政府作用模式的研究尚不够深入,而且褒贬不一、解释各异。本文着重从路径依赖的角度分析中俄两国政府在转型经济中的行为方式、背景和效果,强调必须重视经济转型的演进性和复杂性。