信用卡犯罪案件侦查刍议

在信用卡犯罪案件的侦查过程中,侦查部门可以从卡基的制造工艺、信用卡信息资料、信用卡的交易信息及犯罪嫌疑人的遗留信息等方面入手开展侦查。     

论诚实信用原则

本文通过对诚实信用原则的基本意义、理论和历史渊源、价值取向及其功能、适用等问题的研究 ,主张公平与诚实信用一样发挥着平衡当事人利益关系的作用 ,因此有必要将其作为一项统一的原则来对待。作为一项重要的法律原则 ,公平诚信原则从道德规则向法律规则的发展过程本质上体现了契约与伦理的结合过程。作者认为 ,诚实信用原则的宗旨仅在于实现当事人之间的利益关系的平衡 ,而对于当事人与社会间利益关系无法实现平衡 ,对于当事人与社会之间的利益冲突只能通过公序良俗原则来处理。     

地方政府债务的效应及形成机制新探

地方政府债务是在我国社会主义市场经济体制改革进程中,伴随着计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转轨和政府职能的转换而产生的一种社会经济现象。地方政府债务包括地方政府从商业银行获得的贷款、中央政府将国债部分收入转贷给地方政府和地方政府为企业担保等形成的隐性债务等。地方政府债务的迅速膨胀已对社会经济发展产生了诸多负面影响。这种债务的形成和扩张既有显性的正式预算制度的制约,也有非正式预算制度、地方政府间财政竞争和地方政府债务动态发展机制等因素的拉动。     

营商环境视域下自我交易条款之法律适用研究--以区分组织法逻辑与契约法逻辑为视角

司法实践中常对合同自我交易条款的规范性质产生认识分歧,其根源在于混淆了组织规则与契约规则的属性。在组织法逻辑视角下,对合同自我交易条款规范的目的在于规制利益冲突的交易行为进而追究违信责任,而非否定合同效力;在契约法逻辑视角下,对自我交易合同效力的认定应当运用代理制度中的自我代理行为和代理权滥用规则认定为合同效力待定。结合世界银行营商环境评估报告,对我国公司法上忠实义务的司法审查标准应当采取交易公平性原则,同时赋予程序性法律要件即举证责任移转。组织规则与契约规则区分的目的在于划清法律规则的调整场域,防止越俎代庖,为司法实践中审理合同自我交易条款纠纷案件提供参考。     

Strategic drift in international non‐governmental development organizations—putting strategy in the background of organizational change

Although the use of strategic planning has become widespread in INGDOs they have often been accused of strategic drift—continuous change in their strategic directions with plans only loosely coupled to their activities. However, the way that they prioritize their activities, and the reasons why strategic drift occurs has generally escaped in‐depth research. This article draws on detailed, qualitative research of strategic planning meetings at the executive levels in a major INGDO, carried out between July 2006 and December 2007 to identify the reasons why strategic drift occurs and the role of strategic planning. It was found that by deliberately crafting multiple, ambiguous, and ambitious strategies, managers were able to effect organizational change, not by literal strategy implementation, but by using these strategies as metaphors to harness consensus and legitimacy in key stakeholder groups. Senior managers utilize the symbols, language and deliberative arenas of formal strategic planning to effect organizational change; however, strategy, in rational terms, needs to be located in the background for its role to be properly understood. The research unpacks complex decision‐making processes in an INGDO and, contrary to normative literature, recommends that, in order to avoid inflationary planning, managers should not take their strategy literally. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamics of NGO legitimacy: how organising betrays core missions of INGOs

International non‐governmental organisations (INGOs) are prominent actors in the international arena, aiming to improve the life of disadvantaged people. However, INGOs often do not succeed in doing this. Consequently, INGO legitimacy is regularly questioned. Increased transparency and tightened accountability mechanisms are often‐mentioned solutions to this problem. Based on an analysis of four dimensions of INGO legitimacy—normative, regulatory, cognitive and output legitimacy—we argue that this is not necessarily adequate. We conclude that INGO mission statements create a normative source of legitimacy, but that this, in itself, is not enough to ground INGO legitimacy: it also needs to be institutionalised and organised. However, as a result of power relations and resulting pressures for accountability and transparency, as defined by their external stakeholders, INGOs experience a permanent struggle to reconcile their mission with the requirements for regulatory, cognitive and output legitimacy. The more these stakeholders press for increased organisation of INGO work, the more the pursuit of the core objectives of INGOs is obstructed. We illustrate this argument with the case of the post‐Tsunami humanitarian intervention (2004/2005). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Leaders,Tenure, and the Politics of Sovereign Credit

Sovereign creditworthiness is as much a function of politics as economic fundamentals. Previous research has focused on the relationship between creditworthiness and political factors such as regime type, regional effects, and international organization membership. These factors, while important, often change slowly and do not always capture the more dynamic political determinants of creditworthiness. As an alternative, this study focuses on the role of leaders. We argue that leaders’ tenure reduces uncertainty in the sovereign credit market. Time in power allows leaders to better manage expectations related to sovereign credit policy of both domestic supporters and market actors. As a result, we expect that creditworthiness improves as a leader’s tenure increases. We find supporting evidence for our argument using two distinct empirical approaches: panel data analysis and a natural experiment. Our findings provide a better understanding of the relationship between leaders, politics, and sovereign credit.     

Inter-regional diffusion of policy innovation in China: A comparative case study

Classic theoretical research on the diffusion of policy innovation is usually based on decentralized democratic regimes. However, in authoritarian centralized countries such as China, questions such as, ‘What are the driving forces and the structural dynamics behind local government policy innovation and inter-regional diffusion?’ and ‘How do the governmental structural factors lead to the different patterns of diffusion of policy innovation across local governments?’ are interesting research topics. The theoretical framework proposed in this study highlights the roles of the contingent vertical and horizontal governmental relations in innovation diffusion. I extract two key properties: vertical mandatory intervention from the central government and horizontal political competition among peer governments. This research uses four models to develop a new typology of the inter-regional diffusion of policy innovation in China: (1) the enlightenment model, (2) the championship model, (3) the designation model, and (4) the recognition model. A comparative case study is conducted in this research, with four policy cases showing that China has developed diversified mechanisms to encourage local governments to perform policy innovation and inter-regional diffusion.     

论作为新型治理工具的信用规制

在信息时代,我国将信用规制作为新型治理工具是两个方面的力量相互作用的结果.一方面,它以社会信用文化、法治思维和信息治理经验为基础动力;另一方面,它以扩展政府的治理边界、创新政府治理工具、提升政府的治理能力为基本动力.由于信用规制具有规制对象的广泛性、规制过程的系统性、规制取向的多维性和规制影响的持续性等,而且"黑名单"...     

信用卡法律风险探析

随着信用卡业务的发展,信用卡风险发生的频率越来越高,造成的损失也越来越大．因此,对信用卡风险管理就显得尤为重要。信用卡风险管理措施一般有风险的回避、风险的预防、风险的分散转移和风险的事后补偿等．我国监管部门应该借鉴国外的制度并使之本土化,将保护消费者权益和金融安全作为信用卡制度立法的基本价值取向。在关联信用卡交易中．银行和消费者负担各种风险。如果不对处于法律漩涡中的消费者和银行予以特殊保护,则不利于保护公民经济民主权利和现代金融安全,也不利于我国消费信用业的健康发展。