我国案例指导制度之完善

在司法审判工作中引入带有判例法色彩的中国式的判例制度———案例指导制度,是我国司法改革中的一项创举。建立和完善案例指导制度,首先应对指导性案例的效力加以明确;其次,明确审核发布案例的主体及程序;再次,要严格指导性案例的选择标准。     

社会群体性事件应急机制研究

构建系统化、科学化的社会群体性事件的应急机制,把矛盾化解在基层,解决在萌芽状态,进一步打造政治稳定、社会安宁、经济发展、民生和谐、百姓满意、人民群众安居乐业的良好局面。     

胜利油田班组建设的现状与思考

班组是企业的细胞,是企业各项工作的落脚点和具体实践者。胜利油田要在“打造世界一流、实现率先发展”中当先锋、打头阵、做表率,首先需要具备过硬的基础管理水平,班组建设就是强基固本的重要举措。班组建设应从精细管理入手,以文化为引领,以制度为保障,创新机制载体,丰富创建内容,把握关键,突出重点,全面深入开展“紧贴一个中心,健全两项机制,狠抓三个内容”的“123”工程,最大限度地激发班组员工的积极性和创建热情,从而更好地推动企业发展。     

公共安全与危机管理中的认识及行为简论——以群体性事件为视角

当前,随着经济社会的快速发展,我国已进入经济转轨、社会转型的关键时期,各种利益结构、权利结构、观念结构、就业结构不断进行重新调整,社会矛盾逐步凸现,突发群体性事件呈高发、多元态势。如何提高政府对事件的认识能力和处理能力,对于保障公共安全,促进社会和谐具有十分重要的现实意义。从群体性事件发生的深层社会原因出发,根本上解决这类事件的主要措施有:建设服务型政府,强化社会管理和公共服务职能;统筹协调各方面利益关系,妥善处理社会矛盾;完善应急管理体制机制,有效应对各种风险。     

论中国特色社会主义现代化理论

作为指导中国实现现代化的行动指南,中国特色社会主义现代化理论对“什么是中国特色社会主义现代化,如何实现中国特色社会主义现代化”这个基本问题作出了科学回答。作为从客观实际抽象出来又在客观实际中得到证明的中国特色社会主义现代化理论,从纵向看具有一脉相承与时俱进的特征,从横向看,具有科学性、实践性、探索性、开放性、人民性的的特点。实现中国现代化必须以中国特色社会主义现代化理论为根本指针。     

中国特色社会主义的三重意蕴

中国特色社会主义是当代中国的主题,是当代中国发展进步的旗帜,也是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的根本方向。深刻认识和科学把握中国特色社会主义的伟大意蕴,就是科学理解中国特色社会主义的本质特征,坚持和发展中国特色社会主义道路、中国特色社会主义理论体系和中国特色社会主义制度;就是深刻把握中国特色社会主义的鲜明特色,不断丰富中国特色社会主义的实践特色、理论特色、民族特色和时代特色;就是高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,毫不动摇坚持、与时俱进发展中国特色社会主义。     

论中国特色社会主义理论体系与民族凝聚力

坚定中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信,归结到一点就是民族自信。中华民族兴衰跌宕的特殊民族经历,使坚定民族自信尤其重要。中国特色社会主义理论体系是增强民族自信的思想基础。中国特色社会主义理论体系内涵的多种元素,具有强大的民族凝聚力。中国特色社会主义理论体系是实现“中国梦”的强大支撑,是中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民沿着中国特色社会主义道路实现中华民族伟大复兴唯一正确的理论。     

Comparing Sexuality,Aggressiveness, and Antisocial Behavior of Alleged Juvenile Sexual and Violent Offenders,

Sexual delinquency in juveniles is insufficiently explored in regard to the specificity of offender characteristics. The aim is to investigate relevant areas for juvenile sexual offending in a precourt, pretreatment group. Thirty‐two alleged juvenile sexual offenders (ASO) referred to by police were compared with 32 juvenile nonsexual violent offenders (VNO) on standardized measures of aggressiveness and psychopathology, antisocial behavior, substance use problems, and sexuality. Less externalizing disorders and antisocial behavior were found among the ASOs than among the VNOs. The ASO group was sexually less experienced, had less trust in their relationship abilities, fewer victimization experiences, and reported more sexual deviance, while pornography use and obscene calls were reported less often. Few juvenile sexual offenders had severe problems in the investigated areas. Including groups of offenders before court, treatment or incarceration in research appears crucial to understand the full spectrum of sexual deviance in youth and avoid misguidance due to selection factors.     

Swedish rape offenders — a latent class analysis

Sweden has witnessed an increase in the rates of sexual crimes including rape. Knowledge of who the offenders of these crimes are is therefore of importance for prevention. We aimed to study characteristics of individuals convicted of rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape or attempted aggravated rape (abbreviated rape+), against a woman ≥18 years of age, in Sweden. By using information from the Swedish Crime Register, offenders between 15 and 60 years old convicted of rape+ between 2000 and 2015 were included. Information on substance use disorders, previous criminality and psychiatric disorders were retrieved from Swedish population-based registers, and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes of rape+ offenders. A total of 3 039 offenders were included in the analysis. A majority of them were immigrants (n = 1 800; 59.2%) of which a majority (n = 1 451; 47.7%) were born outside of Sweden. The LCA identified two classes: Class A — low offending class (LOC), and Class B — high offending class (HOC). While offenders in the LOC had low rates of previous criminality, psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders, those included in the HOC had high rates of previous criminality, psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders. While HOC may be composed by more “traditional” criminals probably known by the police, the LOC may represent individuals not previously known by the police. These two separated classes, as well as our finding in regard to a majority of the offenders being immigrants, warrants further studies that take into account the contextual characteristics among these offenders.

Key points

• Rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape or attempted aggravated rape (rape+) are increasing in Sweden.
• The majority of those convicted of rape+ are immigrants.
• LCA identifies two classes of rape+ offenders: LOC and HOC.

     

Objective Evaluation of Subclass Characteristics on Breech Face Marks

Subclass characteristics can be found on the breech face marks left on spent cartridge cases. Even if they are assumed to be rare and their reported number is small, they can potentially lead to false associations. Subclass characteristics have been studied empirically allowing examiners to recognize them and to understand in which conditions they are produced. Until now, however, their influence on the identification process has not been studied from a probabilistic point of view. In this study, we aim at measuring the effect of these features on the strength of association derived from examinations involving subclass characteristics. The study takes advantage of a 3D automatic comparison system allowing the calculation of likelihood ratios (LRs). The similarities between cartridge case specimens fired by thirteen S&W .40S&W Sigma pistols are quantified, and their respective LRs are computed. The results show that the influence of subclass characteristics on the LRs is limited, even when these features are prevalent among the potential sources considered in a case. We show that the proportion of firearms sharing subclass characteristics should be larger than 40% of the pool of potential firearms for the effect to be significant.