Two post-war paths: popular violence in the Bohemian lands and in Austria in the aftermath of World War I

The study explores the phenomenon of popular violence in the first months and years after the end of World War I on the basis of a comparison between the Bohemian lands, forming the central part of the newly established Czechoslovakia, and Austria, as another successor state to the former Habsburg monarchy. Aside from the continuities, new forms of violence increasingly emerged in the first years after the end of the war, and also the “language” of violence was transformed. While in Czechoslovakia, the framework within which people were learning to understand the new world was shaped by the national and republican discourse oriented to the future, in Austria the collective identities and mentalities were being formed along the lines of particular party political blocks. In both cases, the nationalization and politicization of violence respectively contributed to the emergence of new forms of popular violence; but at the same time they could also be used for its de-escalation, necessary for the re-integration of society disrupted by the wartime experience. However, even if both countries went out from the war on different paths, the violence stayed part of their political culture and it could be mobilized again.     

英殖民统治时期马来亚的印度人移民

英殖民统治时期的马来亚劳工移民,是导致今天的马来西亚多元民族、多元文化社会形成的主要原因。本文拟分析英殖民统治下的马来亚印度人移民的由来、印度劳工的境遇以及印度移民社会的变迁等,并通过与同期的马来亚华人作比较,以揭示英国殖民统治下的马来亚印度人移民的特点。     

我国转型期企业道德责任的缺失及原因分析

中国社会进入转型期以来,社会的方方面面都发生了巨大的变化。特别是由于经济体制和利益机制的改变为企业带来了前所未有的变化。其中最大的变化就是企业为了谋取经济利益而置道德责任于不顾。而由于企业道德责任的缺失,带来了一系列的经济、社会、法律问题,同时也导致了价值观念的混乱。     

先秦巴蜀地区百濮和氐羌的来源

先秦巴蜀地区各族,除巴、蜀两族外,主要为百濮和氐羌两大民族系统。巴蜀地区的百濮,多为商周时代即已在当地定居的族群,也有春秋时代从江汉地区迁徙而来的濮人支系,主要分布在四川盆地、四川西南和四川东部。巴蜀地区的氐羌民族系统至少在夏商时代就已出现,主要分布在川西高原。     

制度反腐：转型期腐败治理新效能

更加注重制度建设,拓展从源头上防治腐败工作,这是从根本上加强反腐倡廉建设,从源头上解决腐败问题的必然选择。构建制度反腐体系是提高中国共产党执政能力的内在要求,也是建设廉洁政府的必然选择。加强反腐倡廉制度建设,在完善和创新制度的同时,还要在增强制度的执行力上下功夫,这就要突破儒家传统政治文化,秉持反腐制度设计＂无赖原则＂;弥补制度建设先天性不足,构建操作性强的反腐制度;推进法理型反腐路线,提升反腐制度建设的严密性。     

论我国审前羁押制度的改革与完善

作为刑事诉讼中的一种保障性措施,羁押的适用必须严格依法进行,否则必将侵害被羁押人的人身权利.但是,我国目前的羁押制度极其不健全,导致实践中出现超期羁押等严重侵犯犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法权益的现象.为消除非法羁押现象,当务之急就应当以联合国刑事司法准则为标准,借鉴其他国家的经验,改革和完善我国的羁押制度.     

宗法宗族制度下明清时期的妇女婚姻生活

明清时期,宗法宗族制度对妇女婚姻生活的消极作用比较大,主要在婚前剥夺女子受教育权利;婚约的缔结主要从宗族利益考虑;婚后生活受到夫权、族权的严格控制;强迫妇女守节等方面有所表现.积极作用主要表现为提倡男婚女嫁轻钱财,重人品;反对索取重聘厚奁,嫌贫易富,操办奢靡,讲求排场等陋俗;严禁溺杀女婴.     

Homicide and infanticide in Stockholm 1920–1939

This article studied 45 cases of homicide and infanticide in Stockholm District Court 1920–1939 and compared them with cases in Sweden in the 1990s. Compared with homicide in Sweden today, fundamental similarities were found in the category of domestic homicide, but with the important differences that extended suicides have decreased and changed in character from being passive to becoming active, and from having been committed by many women to being committed mainly by men. Drunken brawls are the same in character, but have increased with time. The free access of alcohol and the financial means of a large group of relatively young people can explain this increase. Infanticide has decreased considerably, indicating that social development has reduced the incitement to this type of killing. The view of offenders' responsibility in the inter-war period depended on their gender and whether they were intoxicated by alcohol. The view of insanity has changed with time, but regarding alcohol no comparable material was available. Finally, the lessons we can learn from studying the inter-war period is that domestic violence has to be taken seriously and the alcohol factor, with its sometimes negative consequences, has to be accepted, unless we want to fundamentally change our society and way of life.     

转型期我国死刑价值取向分析

我国正处于社会转型期,这一时期犯罪形势不容乐观,而此时刑法修正案（八）却将我国原有的68项死刑罪名减至55个,取消了包括走私文物罪、金融凭证诈骗罪、信用证诈骗罪等共13个经济性非暴力犯罪的死刑,也使其他国家看到了中国对于死刑和人权问题的重视.基于我国的法律文化传统以及当今的社会现实,死刑作为一种极端的刑罚手段存在也是具有相对合理性的,因此当前我国应在限制死刑这一价值取向的基础上,进一步探索我国刑罚制度的构建.     

新时期农村群体性事件的对策研究

现阶段我国农村的群体性事件,总体上属于人民内部矛盾,具有非对抗性、非政治性和人民内部性。对于人民内部矛盾,原则上应按人民内部矛盾来处理,要采用民主的方法、法制的方法、说服教育等方法来妥善解决,尤其是要加强制度建设,从制度上减少不稳定因素,维护农村社会稳定。