A Set of Handwriting Features for Use in Automated Writer Identification,

A writer's biometric identity can be characterized through the distribution of physical feature measurements (“writer's profile”); a graph‐based system that facilitates the quantification of these features is described. To accomplish this quantification, handwriting is segmented into basic graphical forms (“graphemes”), which are “skeletonized” to yield the graphical topology of the handwritten segment. The graph‐based matching algorithm compares the graphemes first by their graphical topology and then by their geometric features. Graphs derived from known writers can be compared against graphs extracted from unknown writings. The process is computationally intensive and relies heavily upon statistical pattern recognition algorithms. This article focuses on the quantification of these physical features and the construction of the associated pattern recognition methods for using the features to discriminate among writers. The graph‐based system described in this article has been implemented in a highly accurate and approximately language‐independent biometric recognition system of writers of cursive documents.     

Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics,

The premise of this study was to take a valid population sampling of handwriting and handprinting and assess how many times each of the predetermined characteristic is found in the samples. Approximately 1500 handwriting specimens were collected from across the United States and pared to obtain a representative sample of the U.S. adult population according to selected demographics based on age, sex, ethnicity, handedness, education level, and location of lower‐grade school education. This study has been able to support a quantitative assessment of extrinsic and intrinsic effects in handwriting and handprinting for the six subgroups. Additional results include analyses of the interdependence of characteristics. This study found that 98.55% of handprinted characteristics and 97.39% of cursive characteristics had an independence correlation of under 0.2. The conclusions support use of the product rule in general, but with noted caveats. Finally, this study provides frequency occurrence proportions for 776 handwriting and handprinting characteristics.     

Significance of sequence of strokes in Chinese handwriting examination

This paper reports a statistical study on the sequence of strokes of 61 commonly encountered Chinese radicals and characters written by 372 invited subjects. The distribution of different writing sequence of these Chinese radicals and characters was examined. Comparison of the sequence of strokes executed by the subjects with the standard rule of writing these Chinese radicals and characters revealed that around 60% of the subjects wrote in the correct sequence. Pair comparison of sequences of strokes in Chinese handwriting among the 372 subjects was also performed. The results demonstrated that no two individuals wrote all the 61 radicals and characters with the same sequence of strokes. The findings indicate that, despite some basic rules governing the writing sequence of Chinese characters, writers tend to develop their own habits. The findings also support the hypothesis that the handwriting of experienced writers is individual.     

运用Photoshop软件重叠比对字迹之探索——以一起签名字迹个案为例

Photoshop软件是一种功能十分强大的图像处理软件,现已经被广泛运用于文件检验实践中。通过Photoshop软件制作特征比对表并辅助进行字迹的重叠比对操作,有助于查明以复制真实字迹、特别是真实签名字迹的方式伪造文件的案件事实。     

论摹仿签名字迹的检验分析

摹仿签名字迹属于伪装字迹的一种,是文字检验工作中一个重点和难点。新形势下摹仿签名字迹的手段有所变化。当前摹仿签名字迹从摹仿手法上可分为五类:复制摹仿、临摹、套摹、练习摹仿、记忆摹仿。由于摹仿手法不同,特点不同,对摹仿签名字迹必须采取相应的检验方法进行检验分析。     

Competency for Chinese Handwriting and Signature Examination

Chinese characters had their root some 4000 years ago and, with the growth in population, are used by over 1.3 billion people worldwide today; it is inevitable that document examiners would encounter cases involving the examination of Chinese handwriting regardless of their location. Although there are extensive studies on the examination of English handwriting in the literature, similar studies on Chinese handwriting are relatively limited. We are seeking to explore the obstacles and challenges for a document examiner who is unfamiliar with Chinese characters to apply the principles of identification and elimination of authorship described in the literature to examine Chinese handwriting, and how can these document examiners demonstrate their competency for conducting Chinese handwriting examination. This study provides a review of the literature, compares the methodology and key features in English and Chinese handwriting examination, and describes various workshops and proficiency testing programs organized to assist document examiners seeking development in Chinese handwriting and signature examination.     

Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics

The premise of this follow‐up sister study to “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics” was to collect a representative population sampling of numerals and assess how many participants utilize each of the predetermined characteristics as found in their specimens. A total of 1410 handwriting specimen forms were collected from across the United States and pared to 1025 to obtain a proper representative sample of the U.S. adult population based on the same demographics used in the original 2017 study. This study provides frequency of occurrence proportions and 95% confidence limits for 25 handwritten numeral characteristics. A total of 277 intercharacter pairs of handwritten numeral characteristics were cross‐analyzed for interdependence. The results were that 72.92% of all intercharacter pairs had a coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 in this study.     

英文书写笔迹检验研究

随着我国对外开放的不断深入和商务往来的需要,在笔迹检验中出现一些有关英文笔迹检验的案件。虽然英文笔迹也是书写人汉字书写习惯的反映,遵循汉字笔迹的检验方法,但是在英文书写中还有自身特点,因此,对于非母语的英文笔迹的分析、鉴定和研究有着十分重要的现实意义和适用价值。     

条件变化笔迹的研究

研究现阶段我国笔迹检验实践情况和吸收己有的笔迹学研究成果,分析书写人受自身生理、心理状态影响和受制于特殊的书写条件、书写环境等因素导致的条件变化笔迹的形成原因、特点、变化规律,对笔迹鉴定的实践有十分重要的指导意义。     

基于能力培养的笔迹检验情境教学法探索

笔迹检验是一门理论性和实践性很强的学科，传统的教学方法很难让学生真正理解其理论内容，将理论应用在实践中解决实际问题更是难上加难。情境教学法让学生身临其境，亲身体验了理论与实践的紧密结合过程，即加深了对理论知识的理解，也提高了分析问题、解决实际问题的能力。实践证明，在笔迹检验中引入情境教学法具有不可比拟的优势，收到了良好的教学效果。