Harm,Consent and the Limits of Privacy

Within the context of U.K. law, the right to respect for private life, articulated in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and acknowledged more opaquely in domestic legislation and case law, is one whose scope is unclear. Nowhere is this brought into sharper relief than in cases where conduct which manifests a person’s sexual identity, or concerns her intimate relations with others, is prima facie criminal. In this essay I attempt, through a discussion of cases in which injury is caused in the context of relationships experienced inter-subjectively as private, to explore the contexts in which the law is prepared to legitimate that inter-subjective experience, and where it is not. Using cases in which injury has been caused purposively (in S/M sex), and incidentally (through the reckless transmission of HIV during sexual intercourse), the essay argues that the law is prepared to respect the right to respect for private life only in so far as the private life concerned is one which reinforces traditional gender roles and relationship types; in short, a life that one would be prepared to live publicly.     

论行政主体防灾减灾义务的法律构建

国家"十二五"规划提出了加强"防灾减灾体系建设"的任务。在进行防灾减灾体系建设时,比较容易忽视的就是对行政主体的防灾减灾义务的规定。而行政主体防灾减灾义务的履行程度是衡量行政主体管理水平的重要指标,从这一角度来讲,对行政主体的防灾减灾义务进行法律构建具有积极的理论和现实意义。通过对行政主体承担防灾减灾义务的法理基础、防灾减灾义务的范畴等的探讨,进一步提出行政主体防灾减灾义务的法律构建框架。     

谈计算机犯罪

近年来,以计算机技术为核心的信息技术在全球范围内迅猛发展。在迎接信息社会来临的同时,人们发现计算机犯罪也在急剧增加,它不仅给受害者造成巨大的经济损失,而且扰乱了社会的经济秩序,对各国的国家安全、社会生活等构成威胁。文章对计算机犯罪的概念、特点、危害、构成要件进行了探讨,并提出了对计算机犯罪的防范措施。     

也论减价制度

减价是当事人一项选择性的救济权利，并且减价同时应该被理解为包括涨价在内。减价制度的意义在于维持合同的风险均衡，持续当事人的风险分配格局，激励或促进效率的履行和资源的效率配置。为此减价计算中的比例关系应是：履行时履行地不符合约定的履行与符合约定的履行的市场价格之比。减价的构成条件就是履行不符合约定且买方接受，实质就是买方接受了不符合约定的履行，所以此制度一般性地适用于各种违约救济，不限于特定类型的合同。由于存在减价与终止合同或主张赔偿的选择，减价出现的几率并不高。另外，减价不以修理、更换或重做等救济用尽为原则。     

性犯罪案件中被害人的精神损害赔偿研究

强奸妇女、奸淫幼女、猥亵儿童等性犯罪是严重侵害公民人身权利的犯罪,被害人多为妇女、儿童。这类犯罪的一个共同特征是精神损害巨大,而没有或者只有少量物质损失。根据现行刑法和刑事诉讼法的规定,被害人在刑事诉讼中只能就物质损失要求赔偿,法院对精神损害赔偿请求不予受理。本文围绕性犯罪案件中被害人的精神损害及其赔偿问题展开论述,对目前刑事诉讼立法限制被害人提起精神损害赔偿的做法表示了不同意见,目的在于引起立法机关、审判机关对这类案件被害人权益的重视,进而完善立法,将被害人的精神损害尽早纳入赔偿范围。     

危害与责任——论犯罪的主客观二特征

犯罪特征是反映犯罪全面属性的种概念,不能用单一特征说明犯罪本质。归纳犯罪特征应当贯彻法定性、全面性、明确性原则,并应与犯罪具体特征即犯罪构成有内在联系。犯罪特征的内容包括客观和主观两方面,客观特征是应当依法受刑罚处罚的客观危害性,主观特征是应当依法负刑事责任的主观责任性。     

Livelihood recovery after disaster

A lack of monitoring and evaluation on the outcomes of livelihood recovery programming has typified many post-disaster recovery initiatives. This article uses a case study of the 2006 Yogyakarta, Indonesia earthquake to analyse longer-term impacts of livelihood programming after disaster. The article includes an overview of the programming implemented in five case study villages and the perspectives of impacted populations on the livelihood interventions. Results indicate the importance of longer-term programming, early interventions, local leadership, and an integrative strategy focusing on replacing assets, providing capital and credit to jumpstart entrepreneurial activities, capacity and skills building, and developing markets and networks.     

The ILO Social Protection Floors Recommendation 202, and poverty reduction

This article critically assesses the provisions of ILO Recommendation 202 on social protection floors with a view to ascertaining its efficacy for poverty reduction in poor regions. The article discusses the relevant provisions of the Recommendation and how states, particularly those in developing regions, can translate them to a tool for poverty reduction. The article highlights some of the deficiencies of ILO Recommendation 202 and provides some suggestions for ways forward.     

Participatory cooperative research: for the people,by the people,with the people

Participatory research with cooperatives, which are people-owned businesses, would seem a natural option. However, there is little discussion evident in this area, with risks of research instead bypassing the perspective of members. This article discusses two dairy farmer cooperatives in rural Kenya. It looks at how, even where research is directed and controlled by others (e.g. funders), it can still be undertaken with cooperatives in a participatory way. This is essential to preserving values and principles linked to member participation and decision-making, as well as of self-help and self-responsibility. Participatory approaches also provide interesting insights into the way cooperatives operate.     

Can top-down community enterprise development reduce poverty and out-migration? Evidence from Thailand

This article examines the performance of a poverty alleviation policy in Thailand known as the Small and Micro Community Enterprises (SMCEs) programme. It investigates provincial determinants affecting the establishments of the SMCEs and assesses the effects of the programme on household income and out-migration by using panel data analysis and propensity score matching model. The research findings indicated that such enterprises have spread widely. Average household expenditure, the rate of poverty, and agricultural output were significant predictors of SMCE establishments. However, the research did not find any concrete evidence to support the claim that this policy helped reduce poverty or out-migration.