Postmortem changes of human bodies on the bathyal sea floor--two cases of aircraft accidents above the open sea

Forensic taphonomy in the marine context recently received growing attention. However, only limited information is available about the fate of human bodies at greater sea depth. Following two fatal aircraft accidents (west of Namibia, south of Sicily) human remains were recovered from a depth of 540-580 m (both cases) after 3 months (Namibia)/34 days (Sicily). In the Namibia case fully skeletonized bones were lifted. In the Sicily case a complete, dressed body was found exhibiting a partially skeletonized skull, starting adipocere formation and pink teeth. The rate and mode of decomposition of human bodies in the deep sea varies considerably and is mainly influenced by the local faunal composition. Of special relevance for the understanding of both cases was the oceanographic observation that the highly efficient necrophageous lyssianassids are abundant off Namibia but are rare in the Mediterranean, emphasizing the importance of collaboration of forensic and marine scientists in such case work.     

医疗事故罪的实体认定--兼与非法行医罪比较

医疗事故罪与非法行医罪是新刑法增设的两个罪名。关于这两个罪名的理解适用,学界有过一些探讨,但是探讨得不够深入。应结合与非法行医罪的比较,进行医疗事故罪的实体认定。     

论重大劳动安全事故罪的立法完善

我国刑法关于重大劳动安全事故罪的规定,存在诸多缺陷,如犯罪主体不明确,处刑较 轻,刑种单一,直接责任人员承担刑事责任的范围狭窄,这些缺陷严重影响了该罪作用的发挥。因 此,我国刑法应对该罪重新设置,扩大责任主体范围及直接责任人员承担刑事责任的范围,科学配 置刑种,重视罚金刑的适用,实行单位和直接人员双罚制,适度加重处罚,做到罪责刑相适应。     

浅谈如何建立交通事故救援系统

道路交通事故救援系统由先进的交通管理系统 (ATMS)与交通服务信息系统 (ATIS)和有关的救援机构和设施 ,通过ATIS和ATMS将交通监控中心与职业的救援机构联结成有机整体 ,为道路使用者提供现场紧急处置 ,拖车现场救护等服务 ;而智能交通系统ITS其主要目标是针对日益严重的交通需求和环境保护压力 ,采取信息技术 ,通信技术 ,计算机技术和控制技术对传统的交通运输系统进控制、改造     

突发事故灾难与公安机关应急处置研究

各类生产安全事故、交通运输事故、环境污染事故等突发事故灾难的频发,给我国造成了重大的经济损失和人员伤亡,严重危害了经济发展和社会稳定。突发事故灾难发生后,作为政府危机管理主要部门的公安机关如何对突发事故灾难进行应急处置,成为摆在公安机关面前的一项重要任务。在突发事故灾难的应急处置中,公安机关应从我国社会经济发展的实际出发,完善突发事故灾难事前防控、先期处置和事后处置应急处置机制,全面提升公安机关处置突发事故灾难的能力,充分发挥公安机关处置突发事故灾难的主力作用。     

地面三维激光扫描在交通事故勘查及重建中的应用进展

本文回顾了地面三维激光扫描技术的发展历程和应用场景,简要阐述了地面三维激光扫描系统的技术原理和作业流程,对地面三维激光扫描技术在交通事故领域的应用进行分类,并详细梳理了各类别下的最新研究成果与实例,结合交通事故勘查和重建发展需求,探讨了目前存在的问题和未来发展方向。     

Methamphetamine and alcohol detection in vehicle-driver fatalities in South Australia: A 10-year survey (2008–2018)

Motor vehicle driver fatalities (≥18 years) from the files at Forensic Science South Australia were reviewed from January 2008 to December 2018 for cases in which either positive blood sample for methamphetamine (MA) or an illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) >0.05g/100 ml were found. Three hundred driver deaths were found with MA detected in 28 cases (age range 21–62 years; ave. 37.8 years; M:F 23:5). Hundred and fifteen cases with a BAC > 0.05 g/100 ml were identified (age range 18–67 years; ave 35.7 years; M:F 95:20). No change was found in numbers of MA cases, although alcohol cases showed a significant decline (p < 0.001). Drunk driving-related fatal crashes tended to occur in the evening (5 p.m. to 11 p.m.), while MA-related fatal crashes had a longer peak extending from late evening until late morning (11 p.m. to 8 a.m.). This study has demonstrated that while roadside breath testing, legislative changes, and increased monitoring have resulted in reduced levels of drunk driving, similar safety countermeasures have had negligible effects on MA use in drivers. Continued monitoring of MA use by drivers will, therefore, be necessary to assess the possible effects, or not, of new countermeasures.     

Lethal Bentazone Intoxication – A Report of Two Cases

This study presents two cases of lethal bentazone poisonings, their clinical presentation, the course of the disease and the autopsy findings. The first is a 50‐year‐old male who had sprayed corn with a solution of bentazone and was admitted to the hospital with sweating, fever, nausea, vomiting of aqueous and hemorrhagic content, and bloody, watery stools. He was treated according to the symptoms including extracorporeal hemodialysis, but eventually suffered from multiorgan failure (acute respiratory failure, acute liver failure, coagulopathy, acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding) and died 11.35 h after admittance. The cause of death was probable bentazone intoxication. The second case, also a male, aged 49 who committed suicide by ingesting a bentazone solution. He was transferred to the hospital prostrated and cyanotic and died 14.15 h after admittance despite all efforts by the hospital staff. The cause of death was acute bentazone intoxication.     

无证、醉酒驾车肇事保险公司交强险拒赔的法律分析——兼谈交强险条例第22条的理解与适用

社会上对于司机无证、醉酒驾车肇事,承保该肇事车的保险公司是否要在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内承担赔偿责任有不同的看法,但各家保险公司对此类保险事故一概拒赔却是不争的事实。各方对此现象有不同的看法,缘于大家对交强险条例第22条和道交法第76条有不同的理解,对它们之间的关系也有不同的解读。运用法理、法意及逻辑原理,对无证、醉酒驾车肇事保险公司交强险拒赔进行分析,解决此问题需要立法上的完善。     

Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures in Skeletonized Human Remains

Pelvic ring fractures are associated with high rates of mortality and thus can provide key information about circumstances surrounding death. These injuries can be particularly informative in skeletonized remains, yet difficult to diagnose and interpret. This study adapted a clinical system of classifying pelvic ring fractures according to their resultant degree of pelvic stability for application to gross human skeletal remains. The modified Tile criteria were applied to the skeletal remains of 22 individuals from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México that displayed evidence of pelvic injury. Because these categories are tied directly to clinical assessments concerning the severity and treatment of injuries, this approach can aid in the identification of manner and cause of death, as well as interpretations of possible mechanisms of injury, such as those typical in car-to-pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents.