三大法系违法性认识比较研究--我国刑法中违法性认识的另一种解读

违法性认识是刑法中一个比较重要的问题.由于受到不同法文化等因素的影响,三大法系对违法性认识问题的理论研究和在司法实践的处理则各具特色.通过对三大法系违法性认识问题的比较研究发现,解决违法性认识问题的根本前提就是要厘清刑法(具体规定) 及其规范和普通公民之间的关系.刑法只能按照普通公民所遵从的最基本道理("常识、常理、常情")进行立法、司法和执法.只有基于这一立场,违法性认识的相关问题才能够得到合理的解决.     

中外交通肇事犯罪立法比较研究

日本、德国、法国等国外及我国港澳台对交通肇事犯罪的有关规定 ,对解决我国目前交通肇事犯罪立法存在的问题有启示作用 ,我们必须予以认真研究和借鉴。     

谈汽车主动安全性的人机因素及事故回避

汽车驾驶员系统作为典型的人机系统,其安全性取决于人车的协调,尤其是能够防止事故发生的汽车主动安全性,更是受到人机因素的影响和制约。许多交通事故是由于人的行为能力达到极限所引起的,在开发汽车主动安全技术时,应首先掌握人车系统的特点,特别是人的生理、心理极限和行为特征,才能开发出适合人的特性的安全装置,提高汽车的安全性。     

论汽车车体信息统计数据库在交通事故物证鉴定中的作用

建立汽车车体信息统计数据库对高效处理交通事故来说很有必要。对汽车车体信息 (诸如油漆数据信息、塑料数据信息、反光膜数据信息、橡胶数据信息、玻璃数据信息、车架号数据信息以及车辆轮距与轴距数据信息等 )进行统计收集 ,以合理的标准建立数据库 ,并且用计算机系统进行辅助检索。这样将会使以前交通事故处理过程中进行的走访调查寻找样本的传统的方法得以改善 ,有利于交通事故处理的科学化。     

犯罪中止时间性构成条件探微

根据现行刑法规定,犯罪中止成立的必备条件之一是必须发生在“犯罪过程中”,即人们所谓的时间性构成条件从刑法的谦抑性思想和主客观相统一原则的角度而言,“犯罪过程”应始于着手犯罪,而非始于犯罪预备行为;为了贯彻鼓励行为人主动放弃犯罪,有效地保护社会合法权益的立法精神,应将“犯罪过程”的终点确定为发生行为人追求的危害结果。     

关于完善煤矿安全生产刑法保障机制的立法构想

近年,我国矿难事故频发,煤炭生产行业为片面追求高产值已经付出了血的代价。为了有效地防止矿难事故,必须在充分运用经济手段和行政手段的同时,相应地加大刑法在煤炭安全生产领域里的调控力度,在刑法中独立设置煤炭生产安全事故罪,强化对煤炭生产过程中的违法违规行为的刑事惩罚力度,使煤炭生产企业和有关人员不敢再无视国家法律法规的规定,无视矿工的生命安全一味去追求高额利润,我国矿难事故的发生率将会大大地降低。     

道路交通事故受伤人员后期医疗费评估的法医学探讨

目的　探讨 13 71例交通事故中受伤人员后期医疗费的影响因素 ,并为此类案例后期医疗费的法医学评估积累经验。　方法　设定影响因素参数为“评估时间、是否评残及后期有无手术” ,并行卡方检验。　结果　评估时间在 1月内者为 475例 ,3月内者 1118例 ;评估时间的不同、是否评残及后期有无手术等因素对后期医疗费的影响有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　后期医疗费的法医学评估是必要的 ,原则上应依据“普及价格”并考虑多种影响因素综合评估     

Use of drugs of abuse in less than 30-year-old drivers killed in a road crash in France: A spectacular increase for cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines

A collaborative study was conducted in France in order to determine the prevalence of cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine metabolites and amphetamines in blood samples from drivers killed in road accidents in 2003 and 2004 and to compare these values with those of a previous study performed during the period 2000–2001 involving 900 drivers. Blood samples were provided from 2003 under 30-year-old drivers, killed in a traffic accident. Drugs of abuse were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using the same analytical procedures in all the 12 laboratories.The most frequently observed compounds were by far cannabinoids, that tested positive in 39.6% of the total number of samples. Δ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most active of the principle constituents in marijuana (cannabis sativa), was detected in the blood of 28.9% drivers and was the single drug of abuse in 80.2% of the positive cases. It was associated with amphetamines in 7.4% and with opiates and cocaine in 1.9 and 4.8%, respectively. Amphetamines were present in 3.1% of the total number of samples, cocaine metabolites in 3.0% and opiates in 3.5%.When comparing these results with those of a previous study performed 3 years before, a significant increase is observed for THC (28.9% versus 16.9%), cocaine metabolites (3.0% versus 0.2%) and amphetamines (3.1% versus 1.4%).This study demonstrates the critical necessity of implementing in France as soon as possible systematical roadside testing for drugs of abuse.     

Determination of vehicle speed from recorded video using the open-source software Kinovea

Video devices of different kind often record traffic accidents, including vehicle-pedestrian collisions and hit-and-run accidents. In these cases, the vehicle speed is valuable information because it can assist the investigators in an accident reconstruction. This paper examines the use of Kinovea, an open-source video annotation tool designed for sport analysis, to estimate vehicle speed in forensic videos. Kinovea does not require a complex methodology, and it can be used to make the calculation easily. A series of vehicle driving experiments using an appropriately calibrated speed radar system (so called Scout Speed) were carried out, and measurements were compared with the estimated speed. In controlled conditions, the comparison of Scout reference speed and calculated average vehicle speed by means of Kinovea found an average difference of 0.43 km/h, with a margin of error of ±0.64 km/h. In addition, further preliminary tests were carried out to check the reliability of the measurements under lower resolution conditions. Also, in these cases the calculations were in line with the ground truth. Therefore, in the tested conditions, Kinovea demonstrated to be an easy and reliable tool available for forensic video examiners. Further tests need to be conducted in order to address the applicability of the measurement technique with true CCTV/surveillance video recordings.     

私藏爆炸物治理对策

私藏爆炸物是严重威胁公共安全的违法犯罪行为,但由于利益驱动、涉爆从业单位管理措施不落实,有关部门发现、查处、打击不力等因素,私藏爆炸物行为屡禁不止,频频引发爆炸事故,给公安机关民爆物品安全管理工作造成巨大的冲击和影响。因此,必须认真研究管理对策,强化治理,有效遏制爆炸事故的发生。