医疗事故罪若干问题探析

医疗事故罪的主体限于医务人员 ,医疗单位中从事行政管理、后勤服务等非医疗工作的人员不能成为本罪主体。医务人员私自行医造成严重后果的 ,应以非法行医罪论处。医疗事故罪的处罚范围限于责任事故。“严重损害就诊人身体健康”的界定 ,应当以卫生部门制定的医疗事故分级标准为基础 ,兼顾司法机关制定的人体伤害鉴定标准     

医疗事故罪若干问题探析

医疗事故罪主体限于医务人员,医疗单位中从事行政管理、后勤服务等非医疗工作的人员不能成为本罪主体。医务人员私自行医造成严重后果的,应以非法行医罪论处。医疗事故罪的处罚范围限于责任事故。“严重损害就诊人身体健康”的界定,应当以卫生部门制定的医疗事故分级标准为基础,廉顾司法机关制定的人体伤害鉴定标准。     

医疗事故罪刑事诉讼中的若干问题研究

由于配套法律的不完善 ,使医疗事故的行政处理和刑事诉讼存在不衔接的问题。必须尽快修改有关法律 ,改革现行医疗事故鉴定体制 ,以增强鉴定结论的透明度和公正性。医疗事故鉴定结论只是刑事诉讼中的证据之一 ,须经司法审查之后方可作为定案的依据 ,而不应将其作为立案的前提和判决的唯一根据。     

浅析道路交通事故损害赔偿责任的主体

确定道路交通事故损害赔偿责任的主体 ,是正确处理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件的前提条件。根据现行的有关法律规定和司法解释 ,在我国 ,承担道路交通事故损害赔偿责任的主体有 :驾驶员、驾驶员所在单位、机动车所有人、挂靠单位、有过错的机动车辆出借人和出租人等。     

浅析高速公路行人交通事故的特点、成因及预防对策

高速公路行人交通事故是发生在高速公路上的由行人负主要责任以上的交通事故。寻找高速公路行人交通事故等级高、类型单一等主要特点和行人交通事故的一般规律,从人民群众的根本利益出发,依靠全社会进行综合治理,杜绝高速公路行人交通事故,推动高速公路交通管理工作的新发展。     

Characterization and Comparison of Injuries Caused by Accidental and Non‐accidental Blunt Force Trauma in Dogs and Cats

Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are often difficult to distinguish from non‐accidental injury (NAI). This retrospective case–control study compared animals with known MVA trauma against those with known NAI. Medical records of 426 dogs and cats treated after MVA and 50 after NAI were evaluated. Injuries significantly associated with MVA were pelvic fractures, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, abrasions, and degloving wounds. Injuries associated with NAI were fractures of the skull, teeth, vertebrae, and ribs, scleral hemorrhage, damage to claws, and evidence of older fractures. Odds ratios are reported for these injuries. MVA rib fractures were found to occur in clusters on one side of the body, with cranial ribs more likely to fracture, while NAI rib fractures were found to occur bilaterally with no cranial–caudal pattern. Establishing evidence‐based patterns of injury may help clinicians differentiate causes of trauma and may aid in the documentation and prosecution of animal abuse.     

65例道路交通事故死亡案例骨盆骨折特征的法医学分析

目的分析道路交通事故死亡案例中骨盆骨折的特点及成伤机制。方法收集65例发生骨盆骨折的道路交通事故死亡案例,对骨盆骨折的部位、特点、成伤机制等情况进行统计学分析。结果 65例骨盆骨折案例中,骶髂关节脱位38例,且多合并耻骨联合分离或耻骨骨折;耻骨、坐骨、髋臼骨折主要以线性骨折为主,骶尾骨骨折以粉碎性骨折多见;合并盆腔软组织损伤54例,盆腔器官损伤8例,腹腔器官损伤44例。骨盆环损伤类型中,分离型32例,占49.23%;其次是压缩型,占26.15%;垂直型最少,仅1例,占1.54%。结论细致、全面地检验尸体,确定骨盆骨折类型,有助于分析成伤机制。     

论未成年学生伤害事故之学校责任

未成年学生伤害事故中,学校作为伤害事故的责任主体,主观上应有过错,客观上须违反了对学生应承担的法定职责。未成年学生伤害事故学校民事责任的承担应适用过错责任原则。学校若试图免责,则应负举证责任,以排除对其适用过错推定责任。     

社会风险的容忍边界——闹市飙车肇事案的刑法反应

秩序共同体成员为了追求生活的便利忍受交通工具可能带来的风险,这是效率与安全两种价值之间的协调。个体不恰当地使用交通工具会对秩序共同体构成更大的安全威胁,当这种危险超过必要的限度,刑法就会做出反应。在成熟的法治国家,刑法会以梯度的方式做出反应。当倾向于追求安全时,刑法干预的前置应当是风险社会合适的选择。     

Alcohol-Related Mortality Risk in Natural and Non-Natural Death Cases

Abstract:  Determination of the associations between alcohol influence and sudden natural death represents challenges for medicolegal investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alcohol influence in medicolegal autopsies. In our study of natural and non-natural deaths cases (5496 total: 4045 males, 1451 females) were examined. Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were detected by headspace gas chromatographic method. We investigated the alcohol-related mortality using hierarchical log-linear statistical models. Severe BACs were detected among suicidal victims in the oldest age group (>65 years) (In F  = 0.442) and among the homicide victims between the age of 40–65 years (In F  = 0.234). Correlations we found between manner-of-death and sex suggested that the rate of males in accidents (ln F  = 0.140) and the rate of females in homicides (ln F  = 0.193) were higher. It was concluded that the accurate statistical mortality database may provide a huge support for the determination of alcohol effects on human health and mortality.