车辆碰撞痕迹的同一性认定

目的判断车辆是否发生过碰撞和怎样碰撞。方法应用痕迹检验方法对车辆的痕迹进行检验分析比对。结果通过车辆痕迹检验总结出车辆碰撞形态技术鉴定的具体方法。结论判断车辆是否发生过碰撞和怎样碰撞可以从车体痕迹、人体痕迹、微量物证及轮胎路面痕迹等方面来进行判断。     

“Murder–Suicide” or “Murder–Accident”? Difficulties with the Analysis of Cases

Abstract: Homicide where a perpetrator is found dead adjacent to the victim usually represents murder–suicide. Two incidents are reported to demonstrate characteristic features in one, and alternative features in the other, that indicate differences in the manner of death. (i) A 37‐year‐old mother was found dead in a burnt out house with her two young sons in an adjacent bedroom. Deaths were due to incineration and inhalation of products of combustion. (ii) A 39‐year‐old woman was found stabbed to death in a burnt out house with her 39‐year‐old de facto partner deceased from the combined effects of incineration and inhalation of products of combustion. The first incident represented a typical murder–suicide, however, in the second incident, the perpetrator had tried to escape through a window and had then sought refuge in a bathroom under a running shower. Murder–accident rather than murder–suicide may therefore be a more accurate designation for such cases.     

Accidental Hanging Deaths in Children in Konya,Turkey Between 1998 and 2007*

Abstract: In general, hanging cases are the result of suicide, and accidental and homicidal hanging cases are rarely seen. This study retrospectively investigated 4571 death examinations and autopsies that were performed at The Konya Branch of the Forensic Medicine Council (Turkey) between 1998 and 2007; hanging was involved in 201 (6.5%) of the cases. There were a total of 13 accidental hanging cases, where 12 of these involved children. In seven of the cases, the accidental hanging involved a scarf that wraps around swing‐like cradles and is intended to prevent infants from falling down. It was concluded that accidental hanging deaths can be reduced by replacing swing‐like cradles with cribs that are designed for children, removing ropes in and around the house, and preventing children from reaching and/or playing with rope‐like objects.     

交通事故机动车驾驶人鉴定特点研究

遵循系统科学的原则,将交通事故机动车驾驶人鉴定作为一个体系来研究。机动车驾驶人鉴定的对象虽然是人,但应充分考虑人与车、人与路以及人与整个事故现场之间的关系,既要研究驾驶人自身,也要研究其反映形象以及相关的事实和现象。通过对事故现场、车辆、衣着、人体等要素进行观察和分析,尤其是对各要素之间的关联性和动态性分析,提出了综合鉴定机动车驾驶人的方法。     

过失责任与严格责任的整合解释——一个信息费用的视角

过失本质上是一个具有经济学内涵的定义。过失责任与严格责任均致力于实现事故预防费用、事故损失与制度运作的行政成本之和的最小化。信息费用决定着它们达成目标的能力和运作成本。过失标准客观化的原因在于节省信息费用。过失责任受制于确定过失的信息费用,严格责任受制于评估预测事故损失的信息费用。经济学的逻辑而非道德理论为这两种归责制度及其变迁提供了一个融贯简约而又富有说服力的解释。     

论道路交通事故损害赔偿责任归责原则的博弈分析

道路交通事故责任分担关系到社会资源配置的公正与效率。从博弈论的研究视角出发,比较了多种不同的责任制度。交通事故责任规则能否达到预期目的,主要取决于该规则对行为人产生的激励和约束效应。     

基于交通事故痕迹的自行车行驶状态分析

在以非机动车中发展较快的自行车为例,基于从事故发生接触碰撞的机动车、非机动车和人等上面提取和检验得到的微量物质交换及其表面附着物等证据,提出了认定嫌疑车辆的方法,通过大量相关资料、事故现场案卷以及一些典型案例,将现场痕迹检验鉴定方法进行分类和汇总,主要分析、阐述车辆痕迹方面问题,进而重现事故现场。这为判定机动车与非机动车交通事故中非机动车行驶状态提供了方法和思路,提高了交通事故责任认定的准确性和公正性。     

Assessment of the cause and mode of death of victims of a mass industrial accident in the Halemba coal mine

On 21 November 2006 in the Halemba coal mine, Ruda ?l?ska, a mass industrial accident occurred. The underground catastrophe was probably due to combustion of methane followed by explosion of pulverised coal and resulted in death of twenty-three miners. The occurrence has been acknowledged to be one of the most serious accidents in Polish mining industry. Post-mortem examinations of the deceased were carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, and in some cases additional dissecting techniques were employed. Photographs were taken as well as numerous specimens for various laboratory tests were collected. Toxicological analyses of blood samples revealed high levels of carboxyhaemoglobin saturation in seventeen cases, and detected presence of methane in the lungs of seven individuals, whereas microscopic specimens mainly showed lesions characteristic of putrefaction. The post-mortem procedures eventually allowed to establish the cause of death of all victims. The authors attempt to determine a range of requisite medico-legal proceedings and examinations that should be carried out in case of a mass industrial accident, and emphasise the need for development of appropriate guidelines.     

“醉驾入刑”前后扬州地区酒驾状况比对分析

目的 对“醉驾入刑”前后酒后驾驶案件情况进行对比分析,以阐述新的道路交通安全法实施以后酒后驾驶案件的发展趋势和特征。方法 对2009年1月到2013年4月扬州地区实际酒驾案件所占的比例、酒驾的月分布、车辆类型以及饮酒后驾驶和醉酒后驾驶所占的比重进行统计学分析。结果 2011年5月份之后,实际达到酒后驾驶的案件在涉嫌酒后驾驶交通事故案件中的比例有所减少,酒后驾驶在每月的分布渐趋一致,所涉及的车辆类型有所变化,醉酒后驾驶的案件数是饮酒后驾驶案件数的3倍左右。结论 新的《道路交通安全法》实施以后,扬州地区酒后驾驶案件的特征有了一定的变化,在实际的交通安全管理中,应根据这些现况,采取相应的措施。